Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 10 > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

forebrain

A

top part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

midbrain

A

middle of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hindbrain

A

lower part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebral cortex (cortical structures)

A

the outer surface of the brain associated with higher level processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

frontal lobe

A

involved in high-order cognitive planning, decision making, and impulse control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

motor cortex

A

structure in the frontal lobe involved with planning and coordinating movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pre-frontal cortex

A

structure in the frontal lobe involved with higher-level cognitive functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parietal lobe

A

processes sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

structure in the parietal lobe that processes information from sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

temporal lobe

A

responsible for hearing, memory, emotion, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

auditory cortex

A

structure in the temporal lobe that processes auditory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

occipital lobe

A

processes visual information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

primary visual cortex

A

structure in the occipital lobe that interprets incoming visual information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides each hemisphere of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

corpus callosum

A

bundle of fibers that connect the two hemispheres and allow them to communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gyri

A

patterns of folds or bumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sulci

A

grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Broca’s area

A

responsible for language production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

responsible for speech comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

loss of ability to produce speech and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

loss of ability to understand incoming speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the four main indicators of Broca’s aphasia?

A
  1. halting speech
  2. repetition of phrases
  3. disordered grammar and syntax
  4. comprehension intact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four main indicators of Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  1. fluent speech
  2. little spontaneous repetition
  3. adequate grammar and syntax
  4. comprehension not intact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

subcortical structures

A

structures that lie below the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay station of the brain where senses are routed before being sent to processing areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates homeostatic processes and responsible for the 4 F’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the four F’s that the hypothalamus controls?

A

fighting, feeding, fleeing, f*cking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

amygdala

A

plays a role in emotional processes and ties emotional meaning to memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hippocampus

A

essential structure for learning and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

anterograde

A

difficulty forming new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

retrograde

A

difficulty remembering old memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

basal ganglia

A

responsible for intentional movement

33
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

motor movement disorder

34
Q

tegmentum/tectum

A

orients body movement in response to stimuli

35
Q

cerebellum

A

involved in motor coordination, control, and balance

36
Q

medulla

A

coordinates life-sustaining functions (i.e. heart rate, circulation, respiration)

37
Q

reticular formation

A

regulates sleep, wakefulness, and arousal

38
Q

pons

A

connects the brain and spinal cord
involved with regulating brain activity during sleep and relaying information from the cerebellum

39
Q

What is the left hemisphere dominant for?

A

speech and language

40
Q

What is the right hemisphere dominant for?

A

motor functions

41
Q

contralateral organization

A

right hemisphere controls left side of body
left hemisphere controls right side of body

42
Q

If a split brain patient sees “ring” on their right visual field, what will they do?

A

say “ring”

43
Q

If a split brain patient sees “key” on their left visual field, what will they do?

A

draw a key

44
Q

neurons

A

cells that specialize in receiving and transmitting information throughout the brain and nervous system

45
Q

cell body (soma)

A

contains the nucleus

46
Q

dendrites

A

finger-like projections that receive information from other neurons and relay to the cell body

47
Q

axon

A

long, slender projection that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body

48
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty protective sheath that insulates axons and increases speed and efficiency of neural communication

49
Q

axon terminal

A

where the axon ends and where communication with other neurons occurs

50
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

an autoimmune disorder that involves a large-scale loss of the myelin sheath on axons

51
Q

action potential

A

an electrical signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron’s axon to the synapse

52
Q

True or False:
An action potential is an all-or-none phenomena.

A

True

53
Q

resting potential

A

-70 mV

54
Q

During resting potential, which is more positively charged? (more Na+ than Cl-)

A

outside

55
Q

During resting potential, which is more negatively charged? (more A- than K+)

A

inside

56
Q

depolarization

A

neuron becomes more positive

57
Q

peak membrane potential

A

+30 mV

58
Q

What happens during depolarization?

A

sodium channels open and Na+ ions rush into the neuron

59
Q

repolarization

A

neuron becomes more negative

60
Q

What happens during repolarization?

A

sodium channels close and K+ ions rush out the neuron

61
Q

What is the threshold of excitation?

A

-55 mV

62
Q

synapse

A

the region between the axon of the presynaptic cell and the dendrite of the postsynaptic cell where information is transmitted from one cell to another

63
Q

Where are neurotransmitters housed?

A

synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals

64
Q

What is the process of transmission across the synapse?

A

action potential → reaches axon terminals → neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles are released

65
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that carry impulses to another cell

66
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

increase the likelihood of an action potential (more + membrane potential)

67
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

decrease the likelihood of an action potential (more - membrane potential)

68
Q

True or False:
Transmission across the synapse is an all-or-none phenomenon.

A

False
It is a graded phenomenon; neuron will only fire if pushed past the firing threshold (-55 mV)

69
Q

acetylcholine

A

important transmitter between motor neurons and voluntary muscles

70
Q

serotonin

A

plays a primary role in regulating sleep, wakefulness, and eating behavior

71
Q

dopamine

A

regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal

72
Q

What leads to Parkinson’s disease?

A

the degeneration of dopamine

73
Q

agonist

A

chemical that enhances or mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

74
Q

antagonist

A

chemical that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter

75
Q

MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imagining

A

produces high-quality still images of the brain

76
Q

fMRI
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

used to examine ongoing brain activity and change over time

77
Q

Which brain imaging technique is best for determining location?

A

fMRI

78
Q

EEG
Electrocephalography

A

direct measure of neural electrical activity

79
Q

Which brain imaging technique is best for determining timing?

A

EEG

PSYCH 10 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions