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Physiology > Neurophysiology, Medbullets > Flashcards

Neurophysiology, Medbullets Flashcards

1
Q

Support cells: GFAP (+)

A

Astrocytes

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2
Q

Support cells: Become rod cells in neurosyphilis

A

Microglial cells

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3
Q

Seen in perivascular cuffing during viral encephalitis

A

Microglial cells

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4
Q

The only CNS/PNS support cell to originate from mesoderm

A

Microglial cell

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5
Q

Support cells: Fried egg appearance on H&E

A

Oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

Each oligodendrocyte myelinated a maximum of how many axons

A

30

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7
Q

Oligodendrocytes are destroyed in what disease

A

MS

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8
Q

Each Schwann cell myelinates how many axons

A

1

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9
Q

Schwann cells are derived from

A

Neural crest cells

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10
Q

Schwann cells are destroyed in what disease

A

Guillan-Barre syndrome

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11
Q

Intrafusal vs extrafusal: Muscle spindle

A

Extrafusal

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12
Q

Muscle spindle neuronal circuit (4)

A

1) Muscle stretch stimulates 1a afferent neurons 2) 1a afferent neuron enter the dorsal horn 3) Stimulation of a-motor neuron propagates a reflex arc 4) Muscle contraction

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13
Q

Muscle length vs tension: Muscle spindle

A

Muscle length

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14
Q

Muscle length vs tension: Golgi tendon

A

Muscle tension

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15
Q

Intrafusal vs extrafusal: Golgi tendon

A

Intrafusal

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16
Q

Parallel vs in series with muscle: Muscle spindle

A

Parallel

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17
Q

Parallel vs in series with muscle: Golgi tendon

A

In series

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18
Q

Golgi tendon neuronal circuit

A

1) Inc muscle tension stimulates 1b afferent neurons 2) 1b afferent neurons inhibit a-motor neurons 3) Muscle relaxation

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19
Q

Ach is increased in

A

Parkinson’s

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20
Q

GABA is synthesised in

A

Nucleus accumbens

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21
Q

NTs decreased in depression (2)

A

1) GABA 2) Serotonin

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22
Q

NE is synthesised in

A

Locus ceruleus

23
Q

NE is increased in

A

Anxiety

24
Q

Effect of infarction on tight junctions

A

Destruction resulting in vasogenic edema

25
Q

Water-soluble vs lipid-soluble molecules: Cross the blood-brain barrier

A

Lipid-soluble (nonpolar)

26
Q

Transport of glucose and amino acids through BBB

A

Carrier-mediated

27
Q

CSF: Normal amount of lymphocytes/mononuclear cells

A

0-4 per mm3

28
Q

CSF: Presence of neutrophils may be normal

A

F, always abnormal

29
Q

CSF: Conditions of increased protein

A

1) CNS tumors 2) GBS

30
Q

Compared to serum, CSF has less

A

1) Protein 2) pH 3) K, Ca, HCO3 4) Glucose

31
Q

Compared to serum, CSF has more

A

Cl and Mg

32
Q

Choroid plexus are found in

A

Lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles

33
Q

Entire volume of CSF is recycled ___ times per 24 hours

A

2-3

34
Q

Mechanisms of communicating hydrocephalus (2)

A

1) Decreased resorption as in scarring following meningitis 2) Increased production as in choroid plexus tumour

35
Q

Most common site of stenosis along the ventricular system

A

1) Foramen of Monro 2) Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

36
Q

Mechanisms of hydrocephalus with normal pressure

A

1) Chronic dilation 2) Distortion of corona radiata

37
Q

Mechanism of hydrocephalus ex vacuo

A

Small brain as in Alzheimer’s, advanced HIV, and trauma

38
Q

T/F More sensitive areas receive a greater representation in the sensory homunculus

A

T

39
Q

T/F More precise muscles receive a greater representation in the motor homunculus

A

T

40
Q

Homunculus

A
41
Q

Awake and alert

A

Beta

42
Q

Awake and eyes closed

A

Alpha

43
Q

Stage 1 (Light sleep)

A

Theta

44
Q

Stage 2 (Deeper sleep)

A

Sleep spindles and K complexes

45
Q

Stage 3 Deepest nREM, sleepwalking, night terrors, bedwetting

A

Delta

46
Q

REM (dreaming)

A

Beta

47
Q

Substances that reduce REM and delta sleep

A

1) Alcohol
2) Benzodiazepines
3) Barbiturates

48
Q

Mechanism by which alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates reduce REM and delta sleep

A

GABA agonists

49
Q

EOM during REM is due to activity of

A

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

50
Q

NT that reduce REM sleep

A

NE

51
Q

REM occurs every ___ min

A

90

52
Q

Excessive daytime sleepiness

A

Narcolepsy

53
Q

Narcolepsy: Hallucinations just before sleep

A

Hypnagogic

54
Q

Narcolepsy: Hallucinations just before awakening

A

Hypnopompic

Physiology (15 decks)

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