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Physiology > Hema, USMLE > Flashcards

Hema, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Basophilia is seen in what leukemia

A

CML

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2
Q

Basophils: Granules contain (3)

A

1) Heparin
2) Histamine
3) Vasoactive amines

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3
Q

Smallest formed element in the blood

A

Platelet

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4
Q

Platelets: Important contents of dense granules (2)

A

1) ADP

2) Calcium

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5
Q

Platelets: Important contents of alpha granules

A

1) vWF

2) Fibrinogen

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6
Q

Contains approximately 1/3 of platelet pool

A

Spleen

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7
Q

Effect of asplenia on platelet count

A

Thrombocytosis

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8
Q

Drug that completely inactivates platelets

A

Aspirin

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9
Q

Length of time to fully replenish functional platelets

A

7-10 days (lifespan)

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10
Q

Property of RBC that gives it a large surface area to volume ratio

A

Biconcave shape

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11
Q

Important transporter on RBC membrane

A

Chloride-bicarbonate antiporter

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12
Q

Importance of chloride-bicarbonate antiporter

A

Physiologic chloride shift that allows RBC to transport CO2 from periphery to lungs for elimination

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13
Q

Variation in RBC size

A

Anisocytosis

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14
Q

Variation in RBC shape

A

Poikilocytosis

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15
Q

RBC: Only source of energy

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Mast cell: Contents of secretory granules (3)

A

1) Histamine
2) Heparin
3) Eosinophil chemotactic factors

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17
Q

Mast cells are derived from

A

The same precursor as basophils

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18
Q

Drug that prevents mast cell degranulation

A

Cromolyn sodium

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19
Q

Substance used by eosinophils against invasive helminthic infections

A

Major basic protein

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20
Q

T/F Eosinophils phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes

A

T

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21
Q

Precursor of eosinophils

A

Same as granulocyte precursors

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22
Q

Eosinophilia is found in what pathologies besides parasitism

A

1) Neoplasms
2) Allergic processes
3) Collagen vascular diseases

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23
Q

Hypersegmented nucleus of granulocytes is seen in what condition/s

A

Vitamin B12 and/or folate deficiencies

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24
Q

Hypersegmented nucleus is defined as how many lobes

A

> 5

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25
Q

Neutrophil granules contain (4)

A

1) Hydrolytic enzymes
2) Lysozyme
3) MPO
4) Lactoferin

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26
Q

WBC: Kidney-shaped nucleus

A

Monocyte

27
Q

Formed elements in blood that function in antigen-presentation

A

1) Monocyte
2) Macrophage
3) Dendritic cells
4) Lymphocytes

28
Q

WBC: Macrophages are derived from

A

Monocytes

29
Q

Macrophages: Cytokine for activation

A

IF-gamma

30
Q

Functions of dendritic cells (2)

A

1) Professional APCs

2) Main inducers of primary Ab response

31
Q

Dendritic cells in skin

A

Langerhans cells

32
Q

B cells: Produced in

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

B cells: Mature in

A

Bone marrow

34
Q

T cells: Produced in

A

Bone marrow

35
Q

T cells: Mature in

A

Thymus

36
Q

WBC: Of-center nucleus with clock-faced chromatin

A

Plasma cell

37
Q

WBC: Proliferate in multiple myeloma

A

Plasma cells

38
Q

Type of antibody (Ig): Anti-D

A

IgG

39
Q

Anti Rh antibody can cause what disease in the newborn

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

40
Q

Laboratory test for extrinsic pathway

A

PT

41
Q

Laboratory test: Warfarin therapy

A

PT

42
Q

Laboratory test: Heparin therapy

A

aPTT

43
Q

Laboratory test: Synthetic function of liver in acute failure

A

PT

44
Q

Vitamin K dependent factors

A

1972: IX, X, VII, II

45
Q

Laboratory test: Intrinsic pathway

A

aPTT

46
Q

aPTT tests for all factors except

A

VII and XIII

47
Q

Steps in formation of a platelet plug

A

1) Adhesion
2) Aggregation
3) Swelling
4) Maturation

48
Q

Platelet plug formation: Vasoconstriction is mediated by

A

TXA2 from platelets produced via COX-1 enzymes

49
Q

COX-1 enzyme is inhibited by what drug

A

Aspirin

50
Q

Platelet plug formation: Aspirin interferes with what phase

A

Aggregation

51
Q

Platelet plug formation: Substances released by endothelial cells that are natural inhibitors of aggregation

A

1) PGI2

2) NO

52
Q

Platelet plug formation: PGI2 and NO inhibit platelet aggregation by

A

Vasodilating vessels

53
Q

Refers to the average volume of RBCs

A

MCV

54
Q

Formula for MCV

A

Hct/RBC x 10

55
Q

Unit for MCV

A

fL

56
Q

Normal MCV

A

80-100 fL

57
Q

Formula for MCH

A

Hgb/RBC x 10

58
Q

Average Hgb concentration of RBCs

A

MCHC

59
Q

Red cell index that increases in hereditary spherocytosis

A

MCHC

60
Q

Variation in size of RBCs

A

RDW

61
Q

RDW is elevated in what conditions

A

1) IDA

2) Folate deficiency anemia

62
Q

MCV in IDA and folate deficiency anemia

A

NORMAL, because of increased RDW (combined micro and macrocytes

63
Q

Layer of the skin where Langerhans cells can be found

A

Stratum spinosum

Physiology (15 decks)

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