Neurophysiology and neurochemistry

Question 1

difference in electrical potential between the inside and outside of a cell

Answer 1

membrane potential

Question 2

This is the voltage difference across the membrane that exactly offsets the tendency of the ion to move down its concentration gradient

Answer 2

equilibrium potential

Question 3

Is the membrane potential when the cell is at rest and not processing incoming information

Answer 3

Resting membrane potential

Question 4

The resting membrane potential depends primarily on the transmembrane concentration gradient of this ion

a. chloride
b. potassium
c. sodium
d. calcium

Answer 4

b. POTASSIUM

because the membrane at rest is highly permeable to potassium.

Question 5

Neurotransmitter implicated in depression

Answer 5

Dopamine

Question 6

ability of a neuron or muscle cell to generate an action potential is called

Answer 6

excitability

Question 7

The resting membrane potential depends on 2 main factors:

Answer 7

(1) presence of ion leak channels
open at rest with markedly different permeabilities to K and Na

(2) presence of energy dependent pumps - NaK pump

Question 8

The Na - K pump transports _______ Na ions out of the cell for every ____ K ions carried into the cell

Answer 8

3 Na ions out of the cell for

every 2 K ion carried into the cell

Question 9

Action potentials usually are generated at the

_________________.

Answer 9

Initial segment of the axon or axon hillock

Because it contains a high concentration of voltage gated Na channels

Question 10

The neurotransmitter of parasymapthetic ganglia neurons innervating all visceral organs and sympathetic ganglia neurons innervating the sweat glands

Answer 10

Acetylcholine

Question 11

This is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction , in autonomic ganglia and parasympathetically innervated target organs

Answer 11

Acetylcholine

Question 12

Neurotransmitter that is critical for motor control. It had a major role in the initiation of voluntary motor behavior triggered by a novel or rewarding stimulus

Answer 12

Dopamine

Question 13

The neurotransmitter of neurons in the raphe nuclei located along the midline along the length of the brainstem

Answer 13

Serotonin

Question 14

The neurotransmitter of sympathetic ganglion neurons that innervate all effector organs EXCEPT sweat gland

Answer 14

Norephinephrine

Question 15

Neurotransmitter of the neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus

Answer 15

Histamine

Question 16

In the periphery, this is the primary neurotransmitter of sympathetic neurons innervating the heart, blood vessels and visceral organs

Answer 16

Norepinephrine