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NEUROLOGY REVIEW > 30 Intracranial Neoplasms > Flashcards

30 Intracranial Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Pathological characteristic of oligodendroglioma

A

fried egg appearance

-halo of unstained cytoplasm and a small round nucleus

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2
Q

most common site of oligodendroglioma

A

frontal and temporal lobe

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3
Q

Type of ependymoma localized exclusively in the filum terminale fo the spinal cord

A

myxopapillomatous type of ependymoma

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4
Q

Most common type of glioma of the spinal cord

A

ependymoma

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5
Q

Most common cerebral site of ependymoma

A

4th ventricle

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6
Q

Most frequent acquired genetic defect of meningioma are truncating mutations in the gene _______ on chromosome ________.

A

Neurofibromatosis 2 gene (Merlin)

Chromosome 22q

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7
Q

Microscopic characteristic of meningioma described as laminar calcifications of uniform cells with round or elongated nuclei and a visible cytoplasmic membrane

A

psammoma bodies

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8
Q

This type of brain tumor/neoplasm has a characteristic of disappearance on imaging of lesions or complete but transient resolution of contrast enhancement in response to corticosteroids

A

CNS lymphoma

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9
Q

Valveless systems of veins that runs the length of the vertebral column from the pelvic veins to the large venous sinuses of the skull bypassing the systemic circulation.
This is the presumed rout of spread of prostate CA

A

Batson vertebral venous plexus

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10
Q

Metastatic brain tumors that are likely to be single usually come from:
Give 4

A

Kidney
Breast
Thyroid
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

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11
Q

Most common malignant tumor of childhood

A

Medulloblastoma

20%

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12
Q

Most common primary brain tumor in adults

A

Meningioma

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13
Q

Most common intra-axial posterior fossa tumor in adults

A

Hemangioblastoma

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14
Q

Most common tumor of the pineal gland

A

Germ cell tumor

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15
Q

most common type of pituitary adenoma

A

prolactinoma

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16
Q

Most common solid tumor of childhood

a. neuroblastoma
b. medulloblastoma
c. astrocytoma
d. GBM

A

a. neuroblastoma

p. 689

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17
Q

syndrome that occurs as a paraneoplastic complication of neuroblastoma

A

polymyoclonus with opsoclonus and ataxia

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18
Q

The following statements are true regarding EPENDYMOMAS, except:

a. fourth ventricle ependymomas appear most commonly in childhood
b. males are affected almost twice as often as females
c. the have a more protracted course and lack early cerebellar signs as compared to medulloblastoma
d. they arise from the roof of the 4th ventricle and extend to through the foramina of Luschka and Magendie

A

d. they arise from the roof of the 4th ventricle and extend to through the foramina of Luschka and Magendie

should be ‘floor’
Page 690

19
Q

Most common location of choroid plexus papilloma?

a. third ventricle
b. lateral ventricle
c. fourth ventricle
d. third and fourth ventricle

A

b. lateral ventricle

ratio:
lateral 50
third 10
fourth 40

page 690

20
Q

Syndrome that may be seen in pineal tumors causing inability to look upward and with slightly dilated pupil that react on accommodation but not to light

A

Parinaud syndrome

21
Q

The following statements are true regarding gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, except:

a. it has a characteristic imaging: indistinct mass of ‘tiger stripe’ appearance
b. has lack of growth potential in comparison to other cerebellar tumors
c. has favorable prognosis, in comparison to other cerebellar tumors
d. none of the above

A

d. none of the above

22
Q

refers to a more primitive undifferentiated state of the constituent cells

A

anaplasia

23
Q

type of edema that occurs in obstructive hydrocephalus

A

interstitial edema

24
Q

Type of edema seen in the vicinity of tumor growth

A

vasogenic edema

limited to the white matter and
due to increased permeability of the capillary endothelial cells so that plasma proteins exude into the extracellular space

25
Q

TF

50% of glioblastomas occupy more than one lobe of a hemisphere

A

True

26
Q

Imaging of a glioblastoma

A

inhomogenous mass
center : hypointense and non enhancing
irregular rim of contrast enhancement surrounds the core lesion

surrounded by non enhancing edematous brain tissue, consisting of combination of infiltrating tumor cells and vasogenic edema

+ may have necrotic areas or cystic areas

27
Q

difference of glioblastoma multiforme (Grade IV) from anaplastic astrocytoma (Grade III) in pathology

A

no necrosis or hemorrhagic areas

28
Q

50% of glioblastoma cases have a deletion in this gene

A

p53 tumor suppressor gene

other mutations:
1p/19q region, EGFR, ATRX, TERT promotor

29
Q

genetic characteristic of glioblastoma multiforme involved in response of antitumor agents, specifically Temozolomide

A

MGMT promoter

30
Q

dose of cranial irradiation increases the survival by 5 months on average of GBM

A

6000 cGy

31
Q

in GBM, this anticancer medications/treatment scheme may have 3 month benefit for progression free survival but not overall survival

A

bevacizumab with temozolomide and radiation

32
Q

treatment in GBM

tyrosine kinase inhibitors that were developed in response to upregulation of EGFR

A

erlotinib, gefitinib

33
Q

almost all glioblastomas recur within ____ cm of their original site and 10% develop additional lesions in distant locations

A

2cm

34
Q

most common cerebral site of ependymoma

A

4th ventricle

35
Q

Tumors in the

floor of the 4th ventricle ________
roof of the 4th ventricle _________

A

floor: ependymoma
roof: medulloblastoma

36
Q

most common subtype of meningioma

A

meningothelial (syncytial) form

37
Q

majority of the infratentorial meningiomas are found in this region

A

CPangle

38
Q

characteristic pathologic finding in medulloblastoma

A

Homer wright rosettes

no vascular component, NO LUMEN

39
Q

genetic defect in medulloblastoma

A

deletion on chromosome 17 distal to the p53 region

40
Q

in medulloblastoma, overexpression or amplification of this transcription factor is associated with poorer prognosis

A

MYCN (N-MYC)

same with neuroblastoma

41
Q

most common solid tumor of childhood

A

neuroblastoma

42
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome associated with medulloblastoma

A

polymyoclonus with opsoclonus and ataxia

43
Q

abnormal gene associated with retinoblastoma

A

Rb gene

44
Q

Hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum is usually associated with this disease presenting with
retinal angioma or
hepatic and pancreatic cysts

A

von hippel-Lindau syndrome

NEUROLOGY REVIEW (24 decks)

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