Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEUROLOGY REVIEW > Neuroanatomy and Neurologic Examination Basics > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy and Neurologic Examination Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What law applies to vergence of yoked muscles?

a. Sherrington’s Law
b. Hering’s Law
c. Harrington’s Law
d. None of the above

A

b. Hering’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unilateral lesion fo the PPRF produces which of the findings?

a. ipsilateral gaze deviation
b. gaze evoked nystagmus towards the side of the lesion
c. loss of horizontal saccades directed towards the side of the lesion
d. Loss of horizontal saccades away from the side of the lesion

A

c. Loss of horizontal saccades directed towards the side of the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
All are part of the frontal assessment battery test except
A. Lexical fluency
b. Similarities
c. Conflicting instructions
d. None of the above
A

d. none of the above

Components include:

a. Similarities (Conceptualization)
b. Lexical fluency (Mental flexibility)
c. Motor series( Luria test)
d. Conflicting instructions (sensitivity to interference)
e. Go- no go( inhibitory control)
f. prehension behavior (environmental autonomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Frontal executive functions includes:

a. planning and organizational skills
b. motivation
c. problem solving
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which part of the prefrontal cortex is important in organization of self ordered tasks?

a. Orbitofrontal cortex
b. Medial prefrontal cortex
c. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
d. all of the above

A

c. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
The following are innervated by the oculomotor nerve except
A. Muller’s muscle
B. Superior Rectus
C. Pupillary Constrictors
D. Inferior Oblique
A

A. Muller’s Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
How many centimeters away from the patient should the examiner’s finger be when testing fro the range of movement of the eyes?
A. 30 cm
B. 40 cm
C. 50 cm
D. 60 cm
A

C.50 CM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the afferent arc of the gag reflex?

a. CN VIII
b. CN IX
c. CN X
d. CN XI

A

b. CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proper technique for hyperventilation test requires asking the patient to breathe as deeply and quickly as possible for a full:

a. 1 minute
b. 2 minutes
c. 3 minutes
d. 4 minutes

A

a. 1 minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Central relay nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives both ascending and descending input?

a. superior colliculus
b. inferior colliculus
c. medial geniculate body
d. lateral geniculate body

A

b. inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A special sensory nucleus of the thalamus that is the final relay station in the auditory pathway

a. pulvinar
b. Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
c. medial geniculate body
d. lateral geniculate body

A

c. medial geniculate body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false. The primary auditory cortex is tonotropically organized with high frequencies medial and low frequencies lateral.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Largest sensory ganglion in the peripheral nervous system

A

Trigeminal ganglion or gasserian ganglion/semilunar ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Looking in the direction of the fast phase of a jerk nystagmus increases its amplitude

What law?

A

Alexander’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A unilateral corneal arcus is diagnostic of what condition?

A

Carotid artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the palate fails to elevate when the patient says Ah but does not elevate during the gag reflex, there is a lesion of the ____.

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In activating muscles for voluntary contractions, the cerebrum communicates with the cerebellum via the corticopontocerebellar pathway, which ends mainly in the ________ lobe of the cerebellum.

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rods mediate

a. peripheral field of vision
b. night vision
c. motion detection
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rhythmic dilation and contraction of pupils

A

hippus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

outflow pathway of the olfactory bulb

A

olfactory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

principal neurons of the olfactory bulb

A

mitral cells and tufted cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the parts of the limbic system

5

A

CUSIP

Cingulate gyrus
Uncus
Subcallosal gyrus
isthmus of the cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3 regions of the hippocampal formation

A
  1. hippocampus
  2. dentate gyrus
  3. subiculum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

field in the hippocampus which is highly sensitive to anoxia and ischemia

A

CA1

sommer’s sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

only neurons which contribute to the outflow tract from the hippocampus

a. principal neurons (pyramidal neurons)
b. intrinsic neurons (polymorphic cell, basket cell)

A

a. principal neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Responsible for initiation of horizontal eye movements

A

gaze center in frontal lobe

27
Q

pulse generation for horizontal saccades is located in the

A

PPRF

paramedian pontine reticular formation

28
Q

pulse generator for vertical saccades is located in the

A

mesencephalic RiMLF

rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus

29
Q

which area of the cortex has a prominent layer V and contains the giant pyramidal cells of Betz?

A. Auditory cortex
B. Frontal eye fields
C. Primary motor cortex
D. Visual Cortex

A

C. Primary motor Cortex

30
Q

Which area of the cortex has a prominent layer IV (internal granular layer)?

A. Primary motor Cortex
B. Primary Sensory Cortex
C. Frontal eye Fields
D. Visual Cortex

A

B. Primary Sensory Cortex

> receives information from the thalamus

31
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex?

A. Acetylcholine
B. GABA
C. Glutamate
D. Glycine

A

C. Glutamate (excitatory)

others:

Glycine - prominent in the spinal cord

32
Q

This dense band of horizontally oriented fibers are formed from fibers originating from the thalamic sensory nuclei and are prominent in the PRIMARY CORTICAL SENSORY areas

A

Internal band of Baillarger

33
Q

bilateral lesions of which area can cause ageusia (lack of taste)?

a. insular cortex
b. pars triangularis
c. superior temporal gyrus
d. inferior temporal gyrus

A

a. insular cortex

34
Q

stimulation of which area of the cortex in one hemisphere can produce bilateral movement?

a. supplementary motor area
b. inferior frontal gyrus
c. prefrontal cortex
d. cingulate gyrus

A

a. supplementary motor area

35
Q

which of the following gyri is primary auditory cortex?

A. angular gyrus
B. inferior temporal gyrus
C. Middle temporal gyrus
D. Transverse gyrus of Heschl

A

D. Transverse gyrus of Heschl

aka. Brodmann area 41 and 42

36
Q

T/F

Unilateral injury to the primary auditory cortex causes ipsilateral hearing loss

A

False!

Unilateral injury to the primary auditory cortex DOES NOT cause hearing loss

37
Q

Frontal eye fields are located in the

A. Superior frontal gyrus
B. Middle frontal gyrus
C. Inferior frontal gyrus
D. Precentral gyrus

A

B. Middle frontal gyrus

38
Q

Which area of the cortex directs the activity of the primary motor cortex, assisting in grasping, reaching and skilled movements?

A

Premotor Cortex

BA 6

39
Q

Which area of the cortex is involved in social behavior, conscious perception of smell and awareness of flavors?

A lesion in this area may cause disinhibition, socially inappropriate behavior

A

orbitofrontal cortex

40
Q

Which area of the cortex is involved in planning, judgment, problem solving, executive function

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

41
Q

Which area of the cortex is involved with motivation?

A

mesial frontal cortex
and
anterior cingulate gyrus

42
Q

which of the following structures most directly connects the hippocampi?

A. Stria terminalis
B. Hippocampal commissure
C. Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
D. Medial forebrain bundle

A

B. Hippocampal commissure

43
Q

Which of the following is the largest commissure?

A. Anterior commissure
B. Posterior commissure
C. Corpus callosum
D. Hippocampal commissure

A

C. Corpus callosum

44
Q

Which of the following structure connects the frontal lobe with the temporal and occipital lobe?

A. Cingulum
B. Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
C. Superior longitudinal fasciculus
D. Projection fiber

A

C. superior longitudinal fasciculus

Cingulum - anterior perforate substance with parahippocampal gyrus

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus - connects temporal with occipital lobe

Projection fibers - connects cerebral cortex to other subcortical structures, brainstem and spinal cord

uncinate fasciculus - inferior frontal lobe with anterior temporal lobe

45
Q

In the papez circuit,

which structure carries information from the hippocampal formation to the mammillary bodies?

A

Fornix

46
Q

Which of the following is the major input and output relay between vision, auditory and somatosensory association cortex and the hippocampus?

A. Entorrhinal cortex
B. Fornix
C. Piriform cortex
D. Periamygdaloid cortex

A

A. Entorrhinal cortex

47
Q
  1. Which limbic structure is part of the VENTRAL STRIATUM and is involved in motivation, habits and rewards?

A. amygdala

b. cingulate gyrus
c. nucleus accumbens
d. subthalamic nucleus

  1. what is the neurotransmitter in this process?
A
  1. C. Nucleus accumbens

2. Dopamine

48
Q

This band of myelinated fibers runs along the rostrocaudal extent of the thalamus and separates the medial from the lateral group of nuclei

A

internal medullary lamina

49
Q

Which nucleus is most likely to be injured in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

a. anterior nucleus
b. ventral anterior nucleus
c. mediodorsal nucleus
d. pulvinar

A

c. mediodorsal nucleus

50
Q

lesions of the medulla can cause which of the following?

A. neurogenic pulmonary edema
B. Early satiety
C. Inability to sneeze
D. Ondine's curse
E. All of the above
A

all of the above!

51
Q

only neuron that sends its axons outside the cerebellum. Considered as the principal neuron of the cerebellum

A. Basket Cell
B. Purkinje cell
C. Stellate Cell
D. Golgi Cell
E. Granule Cell
A

B. Purkinje cell

52
Q

which region of the cerebellum coordinates movement of the trunk?

A. Cerebellar Hemisphere
B. Paravermis
C. Vermis

A

C. Vermis

A. Cerebellar Hemisphere - ipsilateral fine motor control
B. Paravermis - limb movement
C. Vermis - truncal tone and movement

53
Q

Lesions of which lobe of the cerebellum cause the rostral vermis syndrome, which is characterized by a wide based stance and gait ataxia?

A. Anterior
B. Flocculonodular
C. Posterior

A

A. Anterior

Anterior lobe - receives majority of the input from the spinocerebellar tracts
causes rostral vermis syndrome

Flocculonodular lobe: caudal vermis syndrome
- head and trunk tremor, truncal imbalance, nystagmus

Posterior lobe
cerebellar hemispheric syndrome
ataxia of the ipsilateral appendicular movement

54
Q

Lesions of which structure can cause head and trunk tremor, truncal imbalance and nystagmus?

A. cerebrocerebellum
B. Spinocerebellum
C. Vestibulocerebellum

A

C. Vestibulocerebellum

55
Q

Which deep cerebellar nucleus is responsible for fine motor dexterity?

A. Dentate
B. Emboliform
C. Globose
D. Fastigial

A

A. Dentate

56
Q

Which peduncle carries most the output from the cerebellum?

A. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
B. Middle cerebellar peduncle
C. Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

C. Superior cerebellar peduncle

57
Q

Which type of cell is the major source of inhibitory output from the cerebellar cortex?

A. Purkinje cell
B. Stellate Cell
C. Basket cell
D. Granule cell

A

A. Purkinje cell

Purkinje cells inhibit the deep cerebellar nuclei and are the major source of inhibitory output from the cerebellar cortex

Axons of some purkinje cells project to vestibular nuclei

58
Q

which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A. Trigeminal nerve
B. Facial nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Vagus nerve

A

A. Trigeminal nerve

general sensation!! of anterior 2/3 of tongue

taste of anterior 2/3 - facial
taste of posterior 1/3 - CN 9

59
Q

The only tongue muscle innervated by Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)?

A

palatoglossus

60
Q

Which of the following is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

a. genioglossus
b. palatoglossus
c. hyoglossus
d. styloglossus

A

b. palatoglossus

61
Q

AKA vertical gaze center

A

rostral interstitial nucleus of the Medial longitudinal fasciculus

riMLF

62
Q

Relay center for hearing

A

medial geniculate nucleus

63
Q

thalamic relay center for auditory stimuli

A

medial geniculate nucleus

64
Q

only cell in the cerebellum that in excitatory

a. purkinje cell
b. stellate cell
c. granule cell
d. golgi type II cell
e. basket cell

A

c. granule cell

NEUROLOGY REVIEW (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions