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Mechanism of Drug Action (Drugs) > Neuropharmacology (Drugs - Specific II) > Flashcards

Neuropharmacology (Drugs - Specific II) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mechanisms by which Parkinson’s disease can be treated treated?

A
  1. Increase dopamine production
  2. Reduce dopamine breakdown
  3. Activation of dopamine receptors
  4. Inhibition of antagonistic pathways
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2
Q

What drugs increase dopamine production?

A

L-DOPA

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of L-DOPA in treating Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • Converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase
  • Promotes synthesis of dopamine
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4
Q

What drugs can be co-administered with L-DOPA to reduce peripheral breakdown and increase effectiveness?

A
  1. Carbidopa
  2. Benserazide
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5
Q

How can drugs prevent peripheral breakdown of L-DOPA?

A
  • Inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase
  • Drugs don’t cross BBB
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6
Q

Why does L-DOPA induce nausea?

A

Activation of dopamine D2 agonists in chemical trigger zone

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7
Q

What drugs can be co-administered with L-DOPA to reduce nausea?

A

Domperidone

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of domperidone in treating L-DOPA induced nausea?

A
  • Selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
  • Does not cross BBB
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9
Q

What are the main side-effects of L-DOPA?

A
  1. Schizophrenia-like symptoms
  2. Dyskinesia
  3. Nausea
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10
Q

What drugs reduce dopamine breakdown?

A
  1. Selegiline/Rasagiline
  2. Entacapone
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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of selegiline/rasagiline in treating Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • Inhibition of MAO-B
  • Reduces breakdown of dopamine
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12
Q

What are examples of dopamine agonists used to treat Parkinson’s disease

A
  1. Bromocriptine
  2. Pramipexole
  3. Ropinirole
  4. Cabergoline
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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bromocriptine in treating Parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of inhibiting antagonistic pathways in treating Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • Muscarinic ACh receptors activate GABA neurones that inhibit movement via indirect pathway.
  • Antagonism of mAChRs should decrease activity in indirect pathway and promote growth.
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15
Q

What is an example of muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

A

Benzatropine

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16
Q

Which antiviral drug can be used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

A

Amantadine

17
Q

What are the non-pharmacological approaches to treating Parkinson’s?

A
  1. Deep brain stimulation
  2. Fetal neurone transplantation
  3. Stem cell transplant
18
Q

What is the normal treatment strategy for Parkinson’s?

A
  1. Use of alternative therapies to L-DOPA
  2. Use of L-DOPA
19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of memantine in treating Alzheimer’s?

A

Glu NMDA receptor antagonist

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of donzepizil (Aricept) in treating Alzheimer’s?

A
  • Anticholinesterase
  • Improves cholinergic transmission

Mechanism of Drug Action (Drugs) (26 decks)

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