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Mechanism of Drug Action (Drugs) > Corticosteroids, asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Corticosteroids, asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the corticosteroids?

A
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Betamethasone
  • Prednisone
  • Dexamethasone
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2
Q

What are the relative lengths of effects of various corticosteroids?

A

Dexamethasone > Prednisone > Hydrocortisone

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3
Q

What are the clinical uses of corticosteroids?

A
  1. Addision’s disease
  2. Asthma
  3. Eczema
  4. Rheumatoid arthritis
  5. Cerebral oedema
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4
Q

What are the groups of drugs that treat asthma?

A
  1. Treatment of acute phase: Bronchodilators
  2. Treatment of late phase: Anti-inflammatories
  3. Prophylaxis: Anti-inflammatories
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5
Q

What are the bronchodilators used it treatment of asthma?

A
  1. β2-adrenoreceptor agonists
  2. Methylxanthines
  3. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
  4. CysLT receptor antagonists
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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of β2-adrenoreceptor agonists in treatment of asthma?

A
  1. Induces relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and bronchodilation
  2. Inhibits degranulation of mast cells
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7
Q

What are examples of β2-adrenoreceptor agonists used to treat asthma?

A
  • Salbutamol (short-acting)
  • Salmeterol (long-acting)
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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines in treatment of asthma?

A

PDE inhibitor and increases intracellular [cAMP], causing same effects as β-adrenoreceptor agonists:

  1. Bronchodilation
  2. Inhibition of mast cell degranulation
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9
Q

What are examples of methylxanthines in treatment of asthma?

A

Theophylline (but mainly used prophylactically)

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of CysLT receptor antagonist in treatment of asthma?

A

Inhibition of CysLT1 and can induce bronchodilation

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11
Q

What are examples of CysLT receptor antagonists in treatment of asthma?

A

Zafirlukast

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of muscarinic receptor antagonists in treatment of asthma?

A

Inhibition of M3 receptors that promote bronchoconstriction, promoting bronchodilation

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13
Q

What are examples of muscarinc receptor antagonists in treatment of asthma?

A

Ipratropium

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14
Q

What are the anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment of asthma?

A
  1. Glucocorticoids
  2. CysT1 inhibitors
  3. 5-LO inhibitors
  4. Cromoglycate
  5. Omalizumab
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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in treatment of asthma?

A

Anti-inflammtory effects used to counter inflammation during late phase

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16
Q

What are examples of glucocorticoids used in treatment of asthma?

A

Fluticasone

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cromoglycate in treatment of asthma?

A

Stabilises mast cells and inhibits degranulation that causes inflammation

18
Q

What are examples of cromoglycates used in treatment of asthma?

A

Sodium cromoglycate

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti-IgE antibodies in treatment of asthma?

A

Binds IgE and inhibits their binding to FcεR1 receptors, thus inhibiting mast cell degranulation and associated inflammatory response.

20
Q

What are examples of anti-IgE antibodies used in treatment of asthma?

A

Omalizumab

21
Q

What are examples of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors used to treat asthma?

A

Zileuton

22
Q

What are examples of cromoglycates used in treatment of asthma?

A

Sodium cromoglycate

23
Q

What treatments are used to induce bronchodilation in COPD?

A

Long-lasting β-adrenoreceptor agonists (LABA) + Long-lasting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)

24
Q

What is an example example of a LABA?

A

Indacaterol

25
Q

What is an example of a LAMA?

A

Glycopyronium

26
Q

What is the mechanism of LABAs?

A

Promotion of β2-adrenoreceptor activity

27
Q

What is the mechanism of LAMAs?

A

M3 receptor antagonist

28
Q

What are the drugs used to reduce inflammation in COPD?

A
  • Theophylline
  • Roflumilast
29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of theophylline in treating COPD?

A
  • Non-selective PDE inhibitor
  • Increased [cAMP] in neutrophils decreases chemotaxis and activation
30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of roflumilast in treating COPD?

A

Specific PDE IV inhibitor that decreases activity of neutrophils, macrophages and T cells

Mechanism of Drug Action (Drugs) (26 decks)

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