Neurones - Cells and Tissues of the nervous system Part 1

Question 1

What are the 2 parts of the CNS?

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What is the role of the PNS?

Answer 2

takes information to the CNS and takes commands from the CNS to the periphery

Question 3

What nerves are involved in the PNS?

Answer 3

the 12 pairs of crania nerves and the 33 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 4

What are the 2 sub-divisions of the PNS?

Answer 4

sensory (afferent) division

motor (efferent) division

Question 5

How can the motor (efferent) system be divided?

Answer 5

somatic motor and autonomic

Question 6

How can the autonomic NS be sub-divided?

Answer 6

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 7

What 2 types of cells make up the NS?

Answer 7

Neurones

glial cells

Question 8

Name the gold and purple cells?

Answer 8

gold = neuron

purple = glial cells

Question 9

What is a neurone, and what are the cells like?

Answer 9

structural and functional unit

excitable cells

impulses carries as AP

Question 10

What is a glial cell?

Answer 10

non-excitable supporting cell

Question 11

What is larger a neurone or a glial cell?

Answer 11

neurone much larger

Question 12

Answer 12

multiple dendrites and one axon

Question 13

What happens at the end of an axon?

Answer 13

synaptic terminals

Question 14

Which of these choices describes a typical neurone?

Answer 14

3. in only one direction from the cell body to synaptic terminal

Question 15

Why are the neurone different which carry motor and sensory information?

Answer 15

as the AP can only be transmitted uni-directionally

Question 16

Describe the nucleus of a neurone?

Answer 16

loose chromatin

prominent nucleolus

Question 17

What are the cell organeeles of a neurone?

Answer 17

mitochondria, rER, diffuse golgi app

Question 18

what are rER called and why?

Answer 18

Nissl bodies

they appear as a dark stain

Question 19

Does the neuronal cell body have a high or low metabolic rate?

Answer 19

High, uses up a lot of glucose

Question 20

What is the cytoplasm called in the cell body?

Answer 20

perikaryon

Question 21

What is the cytoplasm called in the axon?

Answer 21

axoplasm

Question 22

Are neurones short or long lived?

Answer 22

long living

Question 23

Are neurones amitotic or mitotic?

Answer 23

amitotic

if you lose a neurone, they are lost forever

Question 24

What are the 3 types of neurones?

Answer 24

multipolar

bipolar

pseudounipolar

Question 25

What neurones are multipolar neurones?

Answer 25

interneurons

motor neurones (NS to periphery)

Question 26

What is the advantage of a pseudounipolar neuron?

Answer 26

AP can go straight through bypassing the cell body

Question 27

What type of neurone are sensory neurones?

Answer 27

pseudounipolar

Question 28

What neurones are bipolar?

Answer 28

CNI
CNII

Question 29

Where does the cell body of a multipolar neurone lie?

Answer 29

in the CNS

motor neurones

Question 30

What does the cell body of pseudounipolar neurones form?

Answer 30

form the dorsal root ganglia of spina cords

form ganglia of cranial nerves

Question 31

What is the term for increased induction due to the myelin sheath?

Answer 31

saltatory conduction

Question 32

Why does the myelin sheath speed up conduction?

Answer 32

the AP skips from one node to another instead of going all the way through the axon

Question 33

What are 2 forms of neurones? (myelin sheath)

Answer 33

myelinated neurones

non-myelinated neurones

Question 34

What cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS?

Answer 34

Schwann

Question 35

What cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes

Question 36

Why is the myelin sheath important?

Answer 36

multiple sclerosis

patchy loss/scarring of myelin sheath (demylenation) causes nerve conduction across axon abnormal