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BDS2.5 Anatomy > Ear 1 > Flashcards

Ear 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A

A = external
B = middle
C = inner

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2
Q

What is the function of the cochlea?

A

Hearing (auditory)

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3
Q

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

A

Balance (vestibular)

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4
Q

What are the parts of the external ear?

A

Auricle
External auditory meatus and canal
Lateral surface of the tympanic membrane (=hearing function)

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5
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

Ear drum

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6
Q

What is in the middle ear?

A

Medial surface of the tympanic membrane

Tymalnkc cavity

Ossicles

Pharyngotympanic (eustachian/auditory) tube

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7
Q

What are the ear ossicles?

A

Tiny little works that transmit the sound energy to the middle ear

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8
Q

What is the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Hearing function

Equalisation of pressure of the middle ear and nasopharynx

From the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx

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9
Q

Where is the auditory apparatus?

A

Inner ear

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10
Q

What is in the inner ear?

A

Vestibular apparatus (semicircular canals)

Internal auditory meatus

Vestibule cochlear nerve (CNVIII)

oval window and round window (=hearing and balance function)

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11
Q

What windows allow hearing and balance function and where are they found?

A

Oval and round windows found in the inner ear

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12
Q
A

A = ossicles
B = semicircular canals
C = cochlear
D = vestibular nerve
E = cochlear nerve

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Where do the vestibular and cochlear nerves go through?

A

Internal auditory meatus to the brain

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15
Q

Where does the ear sit?

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

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16
Q
A

Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

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17
Q

What shapes receptor is the ear?

A

Funnel-shaped receptor for aucoustic vibrations

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18
Q

What is the external ear made from?

A

Elastic cartilage and skin

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

What muscles can move the ear?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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21
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the external ear?

A

To parotid gland and cervical lymph nodes

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22
Q

What is the blood supply to the external ear?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal, arteries

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23
Q

What is the nerve supply to the external ear?

A

Auriculotemporal (anterior) and Vagus (posterior)

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24
Q

How long is the external auditory meatus?

A

4cm long

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25
Q

Where does the EAM funnel sound to?

A

Tympanic membrane

26
Q

What is in the lateral third of the EAM?

A

Elastic cartilage, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands (wax)

27
Q

What is in the medial two-thirds of the EAM?

A

Bone lined with stratified squamous epithelium

28
Q

What way does the tympanic membrane dome?

A

Towards middle ear

29
Q

What is the dome shape of the tympanic membrane called?

A

Umbo

30
Q

What is the tissue on the lateral and medial aspects of the tympanic membrane?

A

Lateral = stratified squamous epithelium

Medial = muscles membrane

31
Q

What is attached to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

32
Q

What is the malleus a part of?

A

A bone of the Ossicles

33
Q

What is attached to the umbo here?

A

Malleus of the ossicles

34
Q

How does the tympanic membrane relay sound waves?

A

Infayes Intakes in response to sound waves and passes vibrations into the malleus to staples and round window….

Transmit sound waves to the inner ear

35
Q

What is the blood supply to the tympanic membrane?

A

Medial side = branches of the maxillary artery and Glossopharyngeal nerve

Lateral = Auriculotemporal and vagus

36
Q

What is the roof of the middle ear?

A

Petrous temporal bone

37
Q

What is the anterior wall of the middle ear?

A

Auditory tube, tensor tympani muscle

38
Q

What is the posterior wall of the middle ear?

A

Aditus & Mastoid antrum (To the mastoid air cells)

Pyramid below attaching stapedius muscle

39
Q

What pharyngeal arch does the stapedius muscle arise from?

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

Facial nerve

40
Q

In the middle ear, where does the pyramid attach to?

A

Stapedius muslce

41
Q

What does the stapedius muscle attach to?

A

Stapes, prevent stapies overvibrating

(Picture showing stapedius muscle)

42
Q

What supplies the stapedius muscle?

A

Facial nerve

43
Q
A

Stapedius muscle attaches to the pyramid which anchors it to the stapies bone.

A = oval window

B = rouund window

C = stapes bone

44
Q

What is in the lateral wall?

A

Tympanic membrane

Chondrite tympani

Epitympanic recess for head of malleus and body of incus

45
Q
A

Epitympanic recess located in lateral wall of middle ear

46
Q

What is in the medial wall?

A

Oval and round windows

Mainly formed by cochlea

Promontory formed by the cochlea bulges for semi-circular and facial, canals

47
Q

What is the bulge from the cochlea called?

A

Promontory - middle ear

48
Q

What is in the floor of the middle ear?

A

Thin bony plate separating cavity from jugular foramen and carotid canal

49
Q

How does the mastoid antrum communicate with the middle ear?

A

Aditus

50
Q
A
51
Q

How do the mastoid air cells develop?

A

Develop as diverticula from antrum

52
Q
A
53
Q

Why can an infection spread from the mastoid air cells to the brain?

A

Separated by thin plates of bone

Cerebellum, temporal lobe and sigmoid venous sinuses

54
Q

What joint is in the ossicles?

A

Synovial gliding joints

55
Q
A

A = malleus

B = incus

C = stapes

56
Q

Where does the stapes pass info from and to?

A

From the tympanic membrane to the oval window

57
Q

What muscle attaches to the malleus?

A

Tensor tympani

Attaches to the hammer of the malleus

58
Q

What is the role of the tensor tympani attaching to the malleus?

A

Dampen the sound down

The tympanic membrane is not over vibrating

59
Q
A

Middle ear/tympanic cavity

60
Q

What is the tensor tympani continuous with?

A

Eucatian tube

Wraps around it and controls opening and closing of the tube

61
Q

What is the nerve supply to tensor tympani?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal

BDS2.5 Anatomy (28 decks)

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