Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards
What CN originate from the brainstem?
III-XII
What CN come off the cerebral hemispheres?
I & II
What is the role of brainstem centres?
Produce rigidity programmed autonomic behaviours essential for survival
What does the midbrain connect?
Pons and cerebellum to forebrain
How does the midbrain connect the pons and cerebellum to forebrain?
By passing through the opening of Tentorium cerebellum
What is in the central cavity of the midbrain?
Aqueduct
What is the only CN to originate posteriorly?
IV
A = III
B = IV
What part of the brainstem is responsible for cardiorespiratory function?
Medulla
What nerves arise from the pons?
V
VI
VII
VIII
What CN arise from the medulla?
IX
X
XI
XII
How does the medulla connect to the cerebellum?
By inferior cerebellar peduncle
How many cerebella pairs of peducles in the medulla connect to the cerebellum?
3
What type of tracts are in the anterior surface of the medulla?
Descending tracts
What type of tracts are in the posterior medulla?
Ascending tracts
A = pyramid
B = olive
What is grey vs white matter?
A = grey
B = white
What separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Vermis
What does each hemisphere of the cerebellum have?
Ant. Post. And flocculonodular lobe
What tests can you do to test cerebellum function?
Finger-nose-finger test
Knee-heal test
Walking in a straight line
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Posture maintenance
Fine tuning motor activity
A = median longitudinal fissure
B = corpus collosum
What is infront of the central sulcus?
Main motor coordinating area of the sulcus
A = central sulcus
B = lateral sulcus
C = major auditory area
A = broca’s motor speech area
B = wernicke’s sensory speech area
What part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory and motor?
Anterior is motor
Posterior is sensory
What is the medial portion of the cerebral cortex?
storage and retrieval of processed information
What does the temporal part of cerebral cortex detect?
Hearing and smell
What is the occipital part of the brain detect?
Vision
What separates the 2 occipital lobes from the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
What separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
Falx cerebelli
Pontomedullary?
Area connecting the pons and midbrain
A = IV ventricle
B = dorsal columns
What does the cerebellum receive information from?
- Pyramidal tracts (motor intention of brain)
- Ipsilateral proprioceptors from periphery
- Vestibular nucleii re. balance and posture
What does the cerebellum send info to?
Cerebral cortex
How does the cerebellum send info to the cerebral cortex?
Via the superior cerebellar peducle
In the brain, does grey or white matter sit on the outside?
Grey matter on outside
What is basal ganglia?
Collection of neural cell bodies buried in the white matter
A = grey matter
B = white matter
C = lateral ventricle is the cavity in each hemisphere
What are the 2 areas for speech perception in the brain?
Broco’s motor speech area
Wernicke’s sensory speech area
What is A and its role?
Cingulate gurus = emotions and memory
What is region A and its function
A = calcarine fissure = visual vortex
What does the frontal part of the cortex detect?
Motor function and intellect
What does the parietal part of the cortex detect?
Somatosensory
Wernicke’s area?
Area is the auditory association area necessary for recognition of spoken word. Is in the dominant hemisphere
What area are highlighted here?
Language areas
What is the term for problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain?
Aphasia
Name the cortex
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
Superior temporal gyrus
What is heschl’s convolutions?
Conscious appreciation of sound
What does the inferior surface of the temporal lobe receive fibres from?
Olfactory tract - conscious appreciation of smell
Occipital lobe - name areas 17 & 18
17 = primary visual cortex
18 = visual association cortex
18 is the visual association cortex - what does it do?
Concerned with interpretation of visual images
Role of the limbic lobe?
Memory and emotional aspects of behaviour
