Neuroanatomy - CNS 3 Flashcards
Where is CSF formed?
Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
Describe CSF
Clear, alkaline, transparent
Is CSF made in other ventricles apart from the lateral ventricle?
Yes, 3rd and 4th ventricles
Where does the CSF pass from and to?
Passes from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle through the inter ventricular foramen
From the third ventricle where does the CSF
pass through?
Through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle
What aids is the circulation of the CSF from the 3rd to 4th ventricle?
Arterial pulsations of the choroid plexus
When the CSF is in the 4th ventricle, where does it pass to?
Subarachnoid space (venous), eventually to the IJV
A = choroid plexus
B = inter ventricular formamen
What is the role of the blood brain barrier?
Helps maintain stable environment for the brain and prevents harmful amino acids and ions present in the bloodstream and blood cells from entering the brain
What does the blood brain barrier play a major role in?
Drug delivery to CNS
What do drugs have to be to be delivered through blood brain barrier?
Lipid soluble or use suitable vector
What type of cell is an astrocyte?
Glial cell
What is the role of gyri?
Increase surface area of brain
What are the main sulci?
Central
Parietal-occipital
Lateral
A = grey
B = white
Why is grey matter grey?
Consisted of nerve cells
Why is white matter white?
Mylenated nerve fibres (axons)
What are the 3 types of white matter fibres?
Commissural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres
What is the main commissural fibres?
Corpus collossum
What are the association fibres?
Connect associated areas e.g. hearing and speech
In the spinal cord, is grey or white matter on the outside?
White on outside
Name the commissural fibres
Corpus collosum
Fornix
Anterior and posterior commissures
What are the divisions of the corpus collosum?
Rostrum
Genu body
Splenium
What is the internal capsule?
What is this area important in?
Stroke
What are the diencephalon areas around?
3rd ventricle
What is the cerebral aqueduct associated with?
Midbrain
Are the structures of the diencephalon grey or white matter?
Grey matter
A = thalamus
B = epithalamus
C = subthalamus
D = hypothalamus
What is the pineal gland?
Secrete melatonin
Important in circadian rhythm
What is the role of the diencephalon?
Major sensory relay station
What is the 4th ventricle associated with?
Pons and medulla
Septum pellucidum
What is another name for the diencephalon?
In between brain
What part of the grain does the diencephalon lie?
Forebrain
What does the thalamus receive?
Sensory tracts
What does the thalamus not receive sensory information from?
Olfactory pathway
What does the thalamus relay information to?
Cerebral cortex and subcortical regions
What functions does the thalamus integrate?
Visceral and somatic functions
What ventricle does the thalamus lie on either side of?
3rd ventricle
Name the basal nuclei
Thalamus
Cordate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus
What is the internal capsule?
a two-way tract for the transmission of information to and from the cerebral cortex
What is the role lf the hypothalamus?
Hormaonal homeostasis
Where does the anterior pituitary come from?
Roof of the oral cavity
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Metatonin hormone in a circadian rhythm
What does the pineal gland indirectly control?
Indirectly controls the function of other endocrine organs, including the pituitary
What happens to the pineal gland with age?
Calcification with age
Pineal gland
What are the 2 parts of the lentiform nuclei?
Globus pallidus
Putamen
What makes up the subcortical nuclei?
Collection of cell bodies:
Caudate nucleus, ligaments, globus pallidus
What is functionally part of the subcortical nuclei but not anatomically?
Substantia nigra
A = substantia nigra
B = red nucleus
What is the major function of the basal ganglia?
Help to regulate initiation and termination of movements
What is the basal ganglia often referred to as?
Extrapyramidal system
What system do the basal ganglia play a role in controlling?
Motor system
What pathology is associated with basal ganglia?
Parkinsons
What does the limbic system surround?
Surrounds corpus callosum and diencephalon
What are the parts of the limbic system?
Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cingulate gyrus
