Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards
What is the somatic NS?
Voluntary movements via skeletal muscles
Role of the parasympathetic NS?
Maintenance/homeostasis
Name 2 cell types?
Neurones
Glial cells
Which cell is excitable; neurones or glial cells?
Neurones
What are the features of a neurone?
Excitable
Impulse propagation
Amniotic and long-living
Axon usually surrounded by myelin sheath
What are the features of glial cells?
Non-excitable
Support
Blood-brain barrier
Produce myelin
What cell produces myelin?
Glial cells
How many layers of myelin does an unmyelinated axon have?
1 layer of glial membrane around them
How do unmyelinated axon bundles and cell bodies appear?
Grey
Grey matter
How do myelinated axon bundles appear?
White
White matter
What is the functions of the myelin sheath?
Faster (saltatiry) AP conduction
Prevents aP being passed to adjacent neurone cell bodies
Protect axon
Clinical importance - demyelination in MS
What forms grey matter in the CNS?
Collection of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons form grey matter (if diffuse) or nuclei (if localised)
What forms white matter?
Collection of myelinated axons form white matter (if diffuse) or tracts (if bundled/localised)
What forms nerves?
Collection of myelinated axons
What forms ganglia?
Localised collection of cell bodies
What are the clinical picture of an UMN.
Peripheral spastic paralysis and exaggerated peripheral reflexes
What is the clinical picture of a LMN?
Peripheral flaccid paralysis and absence of reflexes
What fluid is found within the vesicles (embryology)?
CSF
What is this and what does it form?
Prosencephalon
Forms forebrain
What structure forms the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What structures forms the hindbrain (4 weeks)?
Rhombencephalon
What does the telencephalon cover as it develops?
The diencephalon
Forms forebrain
What 3 structures forms the brainstem?
What structure makes CSF?
Choroid plexus
What does the telencephalon make in the brain?
Cerebral cortex basal ganglia
What does the diencephalon make?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What does the mesencephalon make?
Midbrain
What does the metencephalon make?
Pins
Cerebellum
What does the myelincephalon make?
Medulla
What vertebrae does the spinal cord end?
l1
What does the dura mater enclose?
Intracranial venous sinuses
What vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid extend to?
S2
What Meningeal layer is attached to the brain?
Pit mater
Where does the lia mater extend to?
Coccyx
What do you call the fibrous stand of the pia mater extended to the coccyx?
Filum terminale
What do you find on the sub-arachnoid space?
CSF
In the subdura, space, is it venous or arterial?
Venous
Subdural or epidural haemorrhage?
Subdural
Is the subarachnoid haemorrhage arterial or venous?
ARTERIAL
What causes a traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces e.g. boxing?
Diffuse axonal injury (DIA)
What structure lines the inside layer of the skull?
Endosteal
What forms the main dural folds?
Meningeal layer is folded double
Where does the 4th ventricle lie?
Hindbrain
Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?
Midbrain
