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BDS2.5 Anatomy > Neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the somatic NS?

A

Voluntary movements via skeletal muscles

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2
Q

Role of the parasympathetic NS?

A

Maintenance/homeostasis

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3
Q

Name 2 cell types?

A

Neurones

Glial cells

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4
Q

Which cell is excitable; neurones or glial cells?

A

Neurones

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5
Q

What are the features of a neurone?

A

Excitable

Impulse propagation

Amniotic and long-living

Axon usually surrounded by myelin sheath

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6
Q

What are the features of glial cells?

A

Non-excitable

Support

Blood-brain barrier

Produce myelin

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7
Q

What cell produces myelin?

A

Glial cells

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8
Q

How many layers of myelin does an unmyelinated axon have?

A

1 layer of glial membrane around them

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9
Q

How do unmyelinated axon bundles and cell bodies appear?

A

Grey

Grey matter

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10
Q

How do myelinated axon bundles appear?

A

White

White matter

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11
Q

What is the functions of the myelin sheath?

A

Faster (saltatiry) AP conduction

Prevents aP being passed to adjacent neurone cell bodies

Protect axon

Clinical importance - demyelination in MS

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12
Q

What forms grey matter in the CNS?

A

Collection of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons form grey matter (if diffuse) or nuclei (if localised)

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13
Q

What forms white matter?

A

Collection of myelinated axons form white matter (if diffuse) or tracts (if bundled/localised)

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14
Q

What forms nerves?

A

Collection of myelinated axons

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15
Q

What forms ganglia?

A

Localised collection of cell bodies

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16
Q

What are the clinical picture of an UMN.

A

Peripheral spastic paralysis and exaggerated peripheral reflexes

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17
Q

What is the clinical picture of a LMN?

A

Peripheral flaccid paralysis and absence of reflexes

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18
Q

What fluid is found within the vesicles (embryology)?

A

CSF

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19
Q

What is this and what does it form?

A

Prosencephalon

Forms forebrain

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20
Q

What structure forms the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

21
Q

What structures forms the hindbrain (4 weeks)?

A

Rhombencephalon

22
Q

What does the telencephalon cover as it develops?

A

The diencephalon

Forms forebrain

23
Q

What 3 structures forms the brainstem?

A
24
Q

What structure makes CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

25
Q

What does the telencephalon make in the brain?

A

Cerebral cortex basal ganglia

26
Q

What does the diencephalon make?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

27
Q

What does the mesencephalon make?

A

Midbrain

28
Q

What does the metencephalon make?

A

Pins
Cerebellum

29
Q

What does the myelincephalon make?

A

Medulla

30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q

What vertebrae does the spinal cord end?

A

l1

33
Q
A
34
Q

What does the dura mater enclose?

A

Intracranial venous sinuses

35
Q

What vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid extend to?

A

S2

36
Q

What Meningeal layer is attached to the brain?

A

Pit mater

37
Q

Where does the lia mater extend to?

A

Coccyx

38
Q

What do you call the fibrous stand of the pia mater extended to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale

39
Q

What do you find on the sub-arachnoid space?

A

CSF

40
Q

In the subdura, space, is it venous or arterial?

A

Venous

41
Q

Subdural or epidural haemorrhage?

A

Subdural

42
Q

Is the subarachnoid haemorrhage arterial or venous?

A

ARTERIAL

43
Q

What causes a traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces e.g. boxing?

A

Diffuse axonal injury (DIA)

44
Q

What structure lines the inside layer of the skull?

A

Endosteal

45
Q

What forms the main dural folds?

A

Meningeal layer is folded double

46
Q
A
47
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle lie?

A

Hindbrain

48
Q

Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?

A

Midbrain

BDS2.5 Anatomy (28 decks)

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