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Biology AQA 2 > Neurones > Flashcards

Neurones Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Neurone

A

specialised cell adapted to rapidly carry nerve impulses across te body

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2
Q

Name the 7 parts of a neurone

A 
Cell body
Dendron
Denrites
Axon
Schwann cell
Myelin Sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
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3
Q

Describe the Cell body

A

The cell body contains usual cell organelles with lots of RER for the production of proteins + neurotransmitters

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4
Q

Describe the Dendron

A

Dendron is the extension of the cell body which subdivide into dendrites

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5
Q

Describe the Axon

A

Axon is a long fibre carrying nerve impulses away from the cell body

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6
Q

Describe the Schwann cell

A

Schwann cells surround the axon for protection

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7
Q

What is the Myelin Sheath made up of?

A

Myelin sheath is made up of Schwann cells

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8
Q

Describe the Nodes of Ranvier

A

Nodes of Ranvier are constrictions between adjacent Schwann cells

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9
Q

Describe how a sensory neurone is structured

A

The sensory neuron has one dendron which is very long

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10
Q

Describe how a motor neurone is structured

A

Motor Neurone has a long axon and many short dendrites

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11
Q

Name the three factors that affect the speed of nerve impulses

A

Myelin Sheath
Diameter of Axon
Temperatureure

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12
Q

Describe how temperature affects the speed of nerve impulses

A

Affects the rate of diffusion

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13
Q

Describe how the myelin sheath affects the speed of nerve impulses

A

salvatory conduction increases the speed from 30 to 90 ms-1

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14
Q

Describe how the diameter of the axon affects the speed of nerve impulses

A

Greater Diameter= faster speed due to less leakage of ions

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15
Q

What principle explains the AP

A

All or nothing principle

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16
Q

Describe the all or nothing principle

A

The threshold value trigger an AP

below this, no impulse is generated

17
Q

What size can AP be?

A

All more or less the same size

18
Q

Name the two ways size of the impulse can be perceived

A

No of impulses in a certain time

Different neurones w/ different thresholds

19
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

When no AP can be created due to the closed NA+ voltage-gated channels

20
Q

What is the purpose of the Refractory period?

A

Ensures AP are propagated in one direction only
Produced discreet impulses
Limits number if AP

Biology AQA 2 (28 decks)

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