Blood Glucose Flashcards
Explain the Second Messenger Model
Adrenaline binds to transmembrane protein receptor on csm of the liver.
Causing transmembrane protein 2 change shape + activate Adenylyl Cyclase
This converts ATP to cyclic AMP
cAMP activates protein Kinase Enzyme which converts glycogen to glucose
How does insulin reduce the blood glucose levels
Insulin binds to receptor on target cells
changes 3’ structure of glucose transport carrier proteins so they open
more glucose can enter cells via facilitated diffusion
as increased no of carrier proteins as insulin con.= vesicle fuse with csm and increase no of channels
activates enzyme conversion from glucose to glycogen and fat
How is the blood glucose decreased? (4)
Increased rate of absorption of glucose into the cell
Increased respiratory rate of the cells
Increased rate of glycogenesis
Increased rate of Glucose to fat conversion
How does glucagon work to raise the blood sugar levels?
Glucagon attaches to specific protein receptors on csm of liver and activates enzyme for glycogen to glucose
activates gluconeogenesis
How does Adrenaline work?
Attaches to protein receptors on csm of target cells and activates enzymes of convert glycogen to glucose in the liver.
Is Type 1 or Type 2 insulin in/dependent
Type 1= insulin dependant
Type 2 = Insulin independent
Type 1 does not produce what and why?
Does Not produce insulin as an autoimmune response attacks B
What causes Type 2?
Glycoprotein receptors on body cells lost their response or inadequate supply of insulin.
Why are Type 1 not administered medicine via the mouth.
Would be digested by enzymes
