Neuron & Brain Structure

Question 1

The ____ NS is for fight or flight response

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

The ____ NS is for rest & digest response

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

The brain has about _____ neurons

Answer 3

100 billion

Question 4

nuclei are in the ____ NS and ganglia are in the ____ NS.

Answer 4

nuclei = central
ganglia = peripheral

Question 5

______ produce myelin in the PNS

Answer 5

Schwann cells

Question 6

What does the axon hillock do?

Answer 6

interprets excitatory/inhibitory input & decides whether or not to fire

Question 7

What is the difference between a pyramidal nerve cell and a purkinje nerve cell?

Answer 7

Purkinje is more complex/intelligent – compares what you want to do with what you’re actually doing and adjusts accordingly

Question 8

_______ produce myelin in the CNS.

Answer 8

oligodendrocytes

Question 9

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 9

form scar tissue after injury, maintain BBB.

Question 10

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 10

produce/circulate/monitor CSF

Question 11

what do microglia do?

Answer 11

remove cell debris and waste

Question 12

Satellite and Schwann cells are part of the ____ NS

Answer 12

peripheral

Question 13

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia are part of the ____ NS

Answer 13

central

Question 14

The cerebral ____ consists of grey matter and the cerebral ____ consists of white matter

Answer 14

cortex, medulla

Question 15

white matter is white because it is made of _____ ____

Answer 15

myelinated axons

Question 16

Where is the longitudinal fissure?

Answer 16

in between the R and L lobes

Question 17

_____ fibers are interhemispheric and _____ fibers are intrahemispheric

Answer 17

commissural, association

Question 18

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 18

the major interhemispheric connection

Question 19

What happens if you have disease/trauma in your cerebellum? (ie. cerebellar ataxia)

Answer 19

Lack of balance/coordination, tremor

Question 20

What are the three parts of the cerebellum?

Answer 20

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 21

What does the thalamus do? What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 21

thalamus relays sensory info (except for sense of smell)

hypothalamus maintains homeostasis in the body

Question 22

Where is the RAS? What does it do?

Answer 22

in the brainstem, maintains consciousness and cortex arousal

Question 23

What vital structures are in the brainstem?

Answer 23

those for heart rate & breath & swallowing/gag reflex

Question 24

What is damaged in Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 24

the substantia nigra

Question 25

What happens if the red nucleus is uninhibited?

Answer 25

Your motor system locks up, crossing arms

Question 26

What is the pons? which CN’s are attached?

Answer 26

the bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum – 5678

Question 27

What is the medulla oblongata? which CN’s are attached?

Answer 27

cardio-resperatory regulation, 9 10 11 12

Question 28

the ventricles of the brain are filled with ____

Answer 28

CSF

Question 29

what is the circle of willis?

Answer 29

in the center of the brain, a circle of blood vessels that allows for max. brain tissue blood supply in the event of a blockage