Appendicular Musculature Flashcards
All upper body muscles are innervated by the brachial plexus, which is __ to __ of the spinal cord, except the _________ muscle, which is innervated by __ __.
Brachial Plexus: C5 to T1
Trapezius: CN XI
What are the multiple actions of the trapezius muscle?
Elevation, depression and retraction
What does the levator scapulae of the arm do?
It elevates the scapula
What do the rhomboids of the arm do?
They retract the scapula
What does the serratus anterior muscle of the arm do?
It protracts the scapula
Is the trapezius muscle a superficial or deep muscle?
Superficial
The shoulder joint is responsible for ___ degrees of shoulder movement, and the scapula is responsible for the other ___ degrees.
shoulder joint = 120
scapula = 60
The trapezius, and serratus anterior form a _____ _____, which allows them to work together. They rotate up & towards the center/down & towards the center
Force couple. Rotates up and towards the center
The pectoralis major, deltoideus and subscapularis muscles are all _____ ______s.
Medial rotators
The pectoralis major is an arm ________ and the deltoideus is an arm _______. (add-/abductor)
pectoralis major = adductor
deltoideus = abductor
What is the largest muscle of the upper limb? What is it used for?
The latissimus dorsi - used for climbing and swimming actions
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major and teres minor muscles are located in the _____ _____.
Shoulder joint
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
(think: SITS)
Would you use the brachialis, the biceps brachii or the brachioradialis when the arm is supinated?
The biceps brachii
Would you use the brachialis, the biceps brachii or the brachioradialis when the arm is pronated?
The brachialis
Would you use the brachialis, the biceps brachii or the brachioradialis when the arm is in between pronation and supination?
The brachioradialis
What is the medial epicondyle?
A common attachment site for arm muscles
Do the flexor and extensor carpi radialis muscles abduct or adduct the arm?
Abduct
Do the flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles abduct or adduct the arm?
Adduct
Is the flexor carpi radialis or the palmaris longus stronger?
The flexor carpi radialis is stronger
The flexor retinaculum is a band that forms the roof of the ____ ____.
Carpal tunnel
What do the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus do?
They flex the fingers (2-5)
What does the flexor pollicis longus do?
It flexes the thumb
How many tendons are in the carpal tunnel?
9
Which nerve travels through the carpal tunnel? What happens to this nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome?
The median nerve. The tissues can swell from overuse, compressing the median nerve.
What do the extensor digitorum and the extensor digiti minimi do?
They extend the fingers (2-5)
Which fingers have a palmar interossei? What does that muscle do?
The index, ring and pinky fingers. It adducts the fingers.
What do the lumbrical muscles do?
They extend the fingers.
What does the adductor pollicis do?
It adducts the thumb
The flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis are all ______ muscles, which are used in _________ of the thumb.
Thenar muscles, opposition
How is thumb adduction/abduction different from fingers?
The thumb moves forward from the palm when it adducts, and moves backward towards the palm when it abducts.
How many dorsal interossei are there? How are they distributed in the fingers? What do those muscles do?
There are 4 dorsal interossei, 1 index, 2 middle and 1 ring. They abduct the fingers.
Power grip uses ________, ____ muscles, while precision grip uses ________, ____ muscles.
(intrinsic/extrinsic, long/short)
Power: Extrinsic, long
Precision: Intrinsic, short
All lower body muscles are innervated by the lumbrosacral plexus, which is __ to __ of the spinal cord
L2 to S3
The gluteus minimus and medius are thigh a_ductors and rotate ____ally
abductors, rotate medially
The gluteus maximus rotates ____ally
rotates laterally
What is the purpose of the lesser gluteal muscles?
To keep the pelvis from tilting down on the unsupported side while walking
Which muscle is used to climb stairs?
The illiopsoas
The thigh adductor, flexor and medial rotator are all part of the _______ muscle group.
Adductor muscle group
The quadriceps femoris is made up of _ vasti and _ rectus femoris. It is used to ____(flex/extend) the leg
3 vasti and 1 rectus femoris. Extend.
The sartorius muscle in the leg is a leg _____(flexor/extensor)
flexor
A common attachment site under the gluteus maximus is called the _______ ________
ischial tuberosity
The semitendinosus is a ____ muscle and the semimembranosus is a ____ muscle. (deep/superficial)
semitendinosus = superficial semimembranosus = deep
The gastrocnemius contains mostly ___er fibers and the soleus contains mostly ___er fibers. (fast/slow)
Gastrocnemius = fast soleus = slow
The calcaneal tendon is also known as the _______ _____.
Achilles tendon
The peroneus fibularis muscles are located on the _____ side of the calf.
Lateral
The tibialis anterior muscles are used for ____flexion.
dorsiflexion
In the feet, the longus muscles attach in the ___ and the brevis muscles attach in the ___.
Leg, feet.
