Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What is the scapula?
A large triangular bone (ie. the shoulder blade)
What is the name of the scapula border closest to the midline?
The vertebral border
What is the name of the scapula border on the lateral side of the body?
The axillary border
What is the name of the scapula border closest to the top of the body?
The superior border
What is the subscapular fossa?
The anterior surface of the scapula
What is the supraspinous fossa?
The smaller posterior surface above the scapular spine
What is the infraspinous fossa?
The posterior surface below the scapular spine
What is the scapular spine?
The posterior ridge on the scapula that is continuous with the lateral acromion
What is the acromion?
The corner of the scapula that attaches to the arm muscles.
What is the coracoid process?
A small hook above the scapular spine that stabilizes the shoulder joint
What is the function of the glenoid fossa?
It makes a shoulder joint with the humerus.
What is the clavicle?
The collarbone
What does the sternoclavicular joint connect?
The clavicle and the sternum
What does the acromioclavicular joint connect?
The clavicle and the acromion (unites the arms with the trunk)
How many rotator muscles attach to the greater tubercle?
3
How many rotator muscles attach to the lesser tubercule?
1
Where does the deltoid attach to the humerus?
At the deltoid tubrosity
What attaches to the medial and lateral epicondyles?
The fingers
Which end of the humerus are the olecranon fossa, capitulum and trochlea part of?
The distal end – closer to the elbow joint.
The radius is _____ and the ulna is _____. (medial/lateral)
Radius = lateral Ulna = medial
What is the trochlear notch?
The joint surface connecting the ulna to the trochlea.
Why is the olecranon so large?
Because it attaches to a large muscle and must be able to support it.
What is the radial head?
A concave joint surface on the radius.
What attaches to the radial tuberosity?
The biceps
What is the interosseus membrane?
A fibrous joint between the radius and ulna in the arm and the tibia and fibula in the leg – prevents them from splitting apart.
Where is the glenohumeral joint and what type of joint is it?
A ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder
What are the two joints in the elbow and what do they connect? What do they do?
One is between the trochlea and the trochlear notch, which allows for flexion and extension.
The other is between the capitulum and the radial head, which allows for pronation and supination.
Which 4 wrist bones attach to the arm bones (in order, starting with the thumb side)?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum and Pisiform (but the pisiform is a pea-shaped bone that rests on top of the triquetrum)
Which 4 bones attach to the fingers? (in order, starting with the thumb side)?
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
What are the fingers called?
metacarpals
How many phalanges does each finger have?
The thumb has 2 phalanx and the fingers has 3.
Does abduction or adduction translate to the direction of a “sickle” in dance?
adduction
Why is the first metacarpal (thumb) so mobile and able to perform opposition?
Because the joint between it and the trapezium is saddle-shaped, which allows for movement.
What is the os coxae?
The hip bone
Which three os coxae bones fuse in the middle?
The illium, iscium and pubis.
Where is the illiac crest?
On the superior side of the hip bone.
What is the auricular surface?
A large joint for the sacral illiac
Where is the greater sciatic notch?
On the posterior side of the hip bone
What is another name for the sitz bone?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the acetabulum?
The circular area where the hip joint forms
What is the pubic symphysis?
The joint where the right and left pubic bones meet.
What is the difference between a male and female pelvis?
The female’s cavity is much larger to allow for childbirth.
Where are the greater and lesser trochanters located in the femur?
Laterally (greater) and medially (lesser) the head and neck of the femur.
What attaches to the intertrochanteric line?
A ligament
Which muscles attach to the linea aspera?
The adduction muscles
What do the medial and lateral condyles in the femur attach to?
The knee joint
What does the patellar surface attach to?
The knee cap joint
The hip is very stable. Why is this strange and what makes this so?
Strange because it’s a ball-and-socket joint, but it is very stable due to strong, thick ligaments.
What is the iliofemoral ligament?
The ligament that provides stability in extension (ie. back bends)
The tibia is ____ and the fibula is ____ (medial/lateral)
Tibia = medial, fibula is lateral
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
The quadriceps tendon
What does the fibula’s head touch?
The tibia’s medial condyle
What do the lateral and medial malleolus do?
They link the leg to the foot.
Which tendon envelops the patella?
The quadriceps tendon
Where is the patellar ligament?
Below the patella
Where are the menisci? (sing. meniscus)
On the lateral and medial sides of the patella
What is common with the anterior cruciate ligament?
An injury in the form of an ACL tear.
What is the major foot bone (ie. the heel?)
The calcaneus
Where is the talus bone located in the foot and what is its function?
On top of the calcaneus – it forms the ankle joint.
Where is the navicular bone located in the foot?
In front of the talus
Where is the cuboid bone located in the foot?
In front of the calcaneus
How many cuneiforms are there and which toes do they attach to?
There are 3 – the 1st (big toe), 2nd and 3rd.
Which metatarsals have phalanx and how many?
The big toe has 2 and the second toe has 3.
What are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
In dorsiflexion the toes go up, and in plantarflexion the toes go down.
