Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Which part of the cranium is made up of flat bones?
The neurocranium
Which part of the cranium is made up of short bones?
The viscerocranium (mandible)
What are the two parts of the temporal bone?
A hard flat bone and a squamous bone.
What is the name of the bone that looks like a butterfly?
Sphenoid
Where is the zygomatic bone located?
In your cheek
Where is the ethmoid bone located?
Underneath the nose
What is the name of the bone that drains tears from the eye?
The lacrimal bone
What is the name of the bone upon which your glasses would rest?
The nasal bone
Into which bone do the upper teeth attach?
The maxilla
What is the name of the lower jaw bone?
The mandible
Which lobe bones does the coronal suture connect?
The frontal & parietal bones
Which lobe bones does the lambdoid suture connect?
The parietal and occipital bones.
Which lobe bones does the squamous suture connect?
The parietal and temporal bones.
Which bone in the skull has a fused midline?
The frontal bone.
Which bone forms the lateral side of the orbit?
The zygomatic bone
Which bone forms the bottom and medial sides of the orbit?
The maxilla
What travels through the optic canal?
The optic nerve
What is the name of the bone at the back of the maxilla?
The palatine bone
Where is the vomer?
At the very back of the nose
What connects the maxilla and temporal bone?
The zygomatic arch
From which view of the skull can you see the entire sphenoid bone?
The inferior view
What is the foramen magnum?
The hole in the skull for the spine.
Which bone surrounds the foramen magnum?
The occipital bone.
Which bone attaches to the first spinal vertebrae to create a joint?
The occipital condyle
Which opening does the vertebral artery feed the brain through?
The occipital condyle
Which canal transmits the internal corotid artery to feed the brain?
The carotid canal
Which opening drains the internal jugular vein into the heart?
The jugular foramen
What are the three major openings in the skull?
The foramen magnum, the carotid canal and the jugular foramen.
Which bone contains a space within it for the sinuses?
The frontal bone
Which two bones meet to form the nasal septum?
The vomer and the ethmoid bone.
On which bone does the pituitary gland sit?
The sphenoid bone’s “saddle”
What is the mandibular fossa?
Where the mandible forms a joint with the temporal bone.
What are the two parts of the temporal bone?
The squamous part and the petrous part.
What is the external acoustic meatus?
The ear hole, which leads to the middle ear deep inside the temporal bone.
Where is the ramus of the mandible?
On the side of the jaw
What is the mandibular condyle?
The back of the mandible which forms the synovial temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which opens and closes the mouth.
What does the cranial cavity contain?
The brain
What does the orbit contain?
The eyeball
What does the nasal cavity contain?/
The paranasal sinuses
What does the oral cavity contain?
The tongue
What is a fontanelle and what is its purpose?
The area on an infant skull full of fibrous tissue, where sutures will develop. This allows the infant skull to deform while passing through the birth canal.
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?
7 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
12 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
5 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the sacral spine?
5 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal spine?
4 vertebrae
Where are the two primary curves in the spine?
In the thoracic and sacral regions.
Where are the two secondary curves in the spine?
In the cervical and lumbar spine.
Where are the largest vertebral bodies?
In the lumbar spine - gets larger towards the bottom.
What does the pedicle in the vertebrae do?
Connects the body to the processes.
What are the right and left spikes on a vertebrae called?
The transverse processes
What is the central spike on the vertebrae called?
The spinous process
What are the processes called that allow for joint formation between vertebrae?
The articular processes
What is the vertebral foramen?
The space in the spinal bones for the spinal cord.
What are the intervertebral joints?
The discs in between vertebrae
What are the zygapophyseal joints and what is their function?
They join together the articular processes of each vertebra and allow movement of the spine and neck from side to side.
What is the anulus fibrosus of the vertebrae and what does it look like?
The cartilage. It looks like tree rings.
What is the function of the nuceus pulposus in the vertebrae?
It allows for rebound and shock absorption.
What is a herniated intervertebral disk?
When the anulus fibrosus (cartilage) breaks after too much stress and causes the nucleus pulposus (jelly-like core) to leak out and compress the spinal nerve, which causes pain.
Which vertebrae have holes in their transverse processes?
The cervical vertebrae
How can you tell Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2) apart?
C1 looks like a ring, while C2 has a tooth (dens) that fits into C1.
What is the atlanto-axial joint and what is its function?
The joint between C1 and C2, it allows the head to swing side to side (ie. “no”)
What is the atlanto-occipital joint?
The joint between the occipital condyles and C1, which allows the head to swing up and down. (ie. “yes”)
What makes the thoracic vertebrae distinguishable?
They are each attached to a rib on the transverse processes.
What is the function of the costovertebral joints?
They allow the ribs to move slightly during respiration.
What makes the sacral vertebrae distinguishable?
They are all fused together into a single bone.
What makes the coccyceal vertebrae distinguishable?
They are very small and easily broken.
