Heart & Great Vessels Flashcards
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Maintaining homeostasis
Transporting waste, hormones, signals, dissolved gasses, immune response cells.
Regulates body temperature
____ go to the heart and ____ go away from the heart.
Veins, arteries
What are the two circuits of the circulatory system?
Pulmonary and systemic
What is the mediastinum?
Where the heart is located, between the lungs.
What is the apex of the heart?
Where blood is ejected without force
Where is the heart contained?
In the pericardial cavity
What are the three layers of the pericardium?
Visceral (epicardium - provides attachment)
Parietal
Fibrous (tough outer layer)
What is the myocardium?
The cardiac muscle
What is special about the parietal/visceral pericardium attachment?
There is a fluid-filled layer in between them that protects the heart and allows it to move with ease
How does a depolarization wave affect muscles?
Small channels allow it to move from one muscle cell to the next, creating a contraction progression through the tissues.
Cardiac muscle is ___(fast/slow) and ___(sustained/short)
slow, sustained
The ____ ____ sends blood to the abdomen.
Descending aorta
The superior vena cava comes from where?
The head and neck.
What does the interventricular sulcus do?
Separates the R and L sides of the heartt
What does the coronary sulcus do?
Separates the aorta from the ventricles
Which wall of the heart is thickest? Why?
L ventricle – gives more contractile force to drive the blood to the upper portions of the body
Anteriorally, from L to R, what are the 3 great vessels of the heart?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
What are the 4 heart valves in the order the blood travels through them?
Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral (bicuspid), Aortic
___ is the relaxation phase and ____ is the contraction phase
diastole, systole
Do diastole/systole actions refer to the atria or the ventricles?
ventricles
What are the 5 stages in the conduction system?
Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, AV bundle, R/L bundle branches, purkinje fibers
What is the P wave?
the initial depolarization
What is the Q wave?
the delay, waiting for atrioventricular node contraction
What is the R wave?
depolarization of the ventricles
What is the S wave?
squeeze from the ventricles
What is the T wave?
repolarization
What is the sinus node?
the pacemaker
