Neuromuscular Conditions (CP, Spina bifida and muscular dystrophy) Flashcards
Prenatal causes of cerebral palsy
Placental insufficiency Toxaemia Smoking Alcohol Drugs Infection ToRCH
Perinatal causes of CP
pre-maturity Anoxic injuries Infection Kernicterus Eythroblastosis fetalis (HDN)
Post natal causes of CP
Infection - CMV, rubella
Head trauma
What is cerebral palsy
Permanent and non-progressive motor disorder due to brain damage before birth or during first 2 years of life
Lesion is static but clinical picture is not
What are the physiological classifications of CP
Spastic (pyramidal system, motor cortex)
Athetoid (extrapyramidal system, basal ganglia)
Ataxia (cerebellum and brainstem)
Rigid (basal ganglia and motor cortex)
Hemiballistic
Mixed (combination of spasticity and athetosis)
What are the anatomical classifications?
Monoplegia
Hemiplegia
Diplegia
Quadriplegia or total body involvement
What is needed for diagnosis of CP
Spasticity, lack of voluntary control, weakness, poor co-ordination, sensory impairment
Persistence of 2 or more primitive reflexes usually means child will be non ambulatory
Management of CP
Motor, sensory, cognitive problems, epilepsy, feeding difficulties, behavioural problems
What are the prerequisites of normal gait?
Stability in stance Clearance in swing Preposition of foot Adequate step length Energy conservation
What is antalgic gate?
Reduced stance phase
What is trendelenburg gate?
Pelvis drops on opposite side to foot standing on
Caused by weakness of abductor muscles of lower limb and gluteus medius and minimus
What are concentric muscle actions
Shortening
Power generation
Acceleration
What are eccentric muscle actions
Controlled lengthening
Power abrorption
deceleration
What is GMFCS
Grading on CP patients ability to walk
Levels 1-5 with 5 most severe
What is spina bifida
Failure to close neural tube
