Bone and soft tissue tumours Flashcards
What is sarcoma?
Malignant tumours arising from connective tissue
Benign bone forming tumours
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
Malignant bone forming tumours
osteosarcoma
Benign cartilage forming tumours
endochroma
osteochroma
Malignant cartilage forming tumours
chondrosarcoma
Benign fibrous tissue tumours
fibrosarcoma
Malignant fibrous tissue tumours
fibrosarcoma
malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Benign vascular tissue tumours
haemangioma
aneurysmal bone cyst
benign adipose tissue tumours
lipoma
malignant adipose tissue tumours
liposarcoma
Malignant tissue tumours
Ewing’s sarcoma
Lymphoma
Myeloma
Clinical features of bone tumours
Pain
Activity related or progressive pain at rest and night
Bone tumour investigations?
Plain x-rays (calcification and Myositis ossificans)
CT (assessing ossification and calcification, staging)
Isotope bone scans (skeletal metastasis)
MRI (size, extent, anatomical relationships. Non specific benign vs malignant)
Biopsy(complete work up prior)
Cardinal features of malignant primary bone tumours
Increasing pain Unexplained pain Deep-seated boring nature of ache Night pain Difficulty weight bearing Deep swellign
Osteosarcoma clinical Features
pain loss of function swelling pathological fracture joint effusion deformity neurovascular effects systemic effects of neoplasia
Osteosarcoma investigations
MRI scan - investigation of choice
Good for showing intraosseus and extraosseus soft tissue extent of tumour, joint involvement, skip mets and epiphyseal extension
Determines resection margins
Treatment of bone tumours
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Suspicious signs of soft tissue tumours
Deep tumours of any sizr
Subcutaenous tumours >5cm
Rapid growth, hard, craggy, non tender
7 commonest cancers that metastasise to bone
Lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid, GI tract, melanoma, breast
