Joints, Synovial Fluid and Cartilage

Question 1

What are three types of joints?

Answer 1

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 2

Fibrous joints in the body?

Answer 2

Periodontal ligament
Cranial sutures
Interosseus membrane

Question 3

Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 3

Primary - only hyaline (synchondrosis)

Secondary - hyaline and fibrocartilage (sum-his)

Question 4

Primary and secondary cartilaginous joints in body?

Answer 4

Primary: First sternocostal joint
Epiphyseal growth plate
Secondary: IV discs, pubic symphsis

Question 5

Common features of synovial joint

Answer 5

Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage
Fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane

Question 6

Examples of synovial joints in body?

Answer 6

Synovial hinge -ankle joint
Synovial saddle - thumb
Synovial plane - acromioclavicular
Synovial ball and socket - shoulder
Synovial pivot - Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joint
Synovial condylar - MCP and MTP joints

Question 7

How are joints stabilised?

Answer 7

Shape of articulating surfaces
Capsule and ligaments
Muscles

Question 8

What is the synovium?

Answer 8

Contains synoviocytes producing fluid
Rich capillary network
No epithelial lining
Direct exchange of oxygen, co2 and metabolites between blood and synovial fluid

Question 9

What are the two types of synoviocytes and their functions

Answer 9

Type A - look like macrophages, remove debris

Type B - fibroblast like, main producer of synovial fluid

Question 10

Functions of synovial fluid

Answer 10

Nutrition of cartilage
Removal of waste products
Lubrication –> less friction –> less wear

Question 11

What are bursae?

Answer 11

Fluid filled synovial membrane

Reduce friction