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Pediatrics Rotation > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

central hypotonia is dysfunction of

A

upper motor neurons

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2
Q

peripheral hypotonia is dysfunction of

A

lower motor neurons

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3
Q

common history found in hypotonia

A

decreased fetal movements
breech presentations
seizure in neotnatal period

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4
Q

PE finding for hypotonia

A

frog-leg position

decrease spontaneous movement

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5
Q

what studies should be worked up for central hypotonia

A
  1. head CT
  2. serum electorlytes
  3. chromosome study
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6
Q

studies for peripheral hypotonia

A
  1. Creatinine kinase
  2. DNA tests
  3. nerve conduction studies
  4. muscle biopsy
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7
Q

Spinal muscular atrophy

A

anterior motor horn cell degeneration

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8
Q

Werdnig-Hoffman disease

A

type I spinal muscular atrophy

infantile form

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9
Q

inheritance of spinal muscular atrophy

A

AR

SNM1 chromosome 5

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10
Q

clinical feature of spinal muscular atrophy

A 
weak cry 
tongue fasciculations 
bell-shaped chest
frog-leg position 
normal eye movement and sensory
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11
Q

Diagnosis for spinal muscular atrophy

A

DNA testing

muscle biopsy

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12
Q

management for spinal muscular atrophy

A

supportive

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13
Q

toxin of infantile botulism MOA

A

prevents presynaptic release of acetylcholine

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14
Q

classic first symptoms of infantile botulism

A

constipation

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15
Q

clinical feature of infantile botulism

A
  • ophthalmoplegia and hyporeflexia

- paralysis is symmetric and descending

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16
Q

Management for infantile botulism

A

Botulism immune globulin

NO ANTIBIOTICS

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17
Q

myotonia

A

inability to relax muscles

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18
Q

all survivors of congenital myotonic dystrophy have what

A

mental retardation

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19
Q

how is congenital myotonic dystrophy inherited

A

AD

from mom

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20
Q

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

A

ventricular enlargement caused by brain atrophy

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21
Q

Chiari type II

A

downward displacement of cerebellum and medulla through foramen magnum

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22
Q

Chiari type II is associated with

A

lumbosacral myelomeningocele

23
Q

Dandy-Walker malformation

A

absent of hypoplastic cerebellar vermis

- cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle

24
Q

sunset sign

A

tonic downward deviation of bot eyes caused by pressure from enlarged third ventricle

25
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges

26
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

no hernication

27
Q

lumbosacral myelomeningoceles assoicated wtih

A

Chiari type II malformation and hydrocephalus

28
Q

what serum is elevated in spina bifida

A

alpha-fetoprotein

29
Q

Cheyne stroke breathing indicates

A

bilateral cortical injury

30
Q

Apneustic breathing indicates

A

pontine damage

31
Q

unilateral dilatred nonreactive pupil suggests

A

uncal herniation

32
Q

bilateral constricted reactive pupils suggests

A

opiate ingestions

pontine

33
Q

oculocephalic maneuver (doll’s eyes)? if this does not work , what does that mean?

A

turn head of unconconsious person

  • eyes should follow back to midline
  • injured brainstem
34
Q

Caloric irrigation

A

head at 30 degrees
cold water in ear
- eye should move to irrigated side

35
Q

what must be checked immediately in a camotose patient

A

glucose

36
Q

2 types of generalized seizures

A
  1. tonic clonic

2. Absence seziure

37
Q

simple partial seizure

A

consciousness not impaired

38
Q

complex partial seizure

A

consciousness is decreased

39
Q

first time afebrile seizure in a healthy child with normal neurologic examination

A

no further investigation

40
Q

what must be ruled out for febrile seizure

A

CNS infection

41
Q

treatment for status epilepticus

A
  • IV short acting Benzo

- Phenobarbital or phenytion

42
Q

treatment for absence epilepsy

A

ethosuximide ``

43
Q

alternative treatment options for epilepsy

A
  • vagal nerve stimulator

- ketogenic diet

44
Q

management for recurrent frequent febrile seizure

A

daily anticonvulsant prophylaxis

rectal diazepam

45
Q

3 common epileptic syndrome

A
  • infantile spasms
  • absence
  • benign rolandic epilepsy
46
Q

common cause of infantile spasms

A

tuberous sclerosis

47
Q

Hypssarrhytmia pattern

A

west syndrome ( infantile spasms)

48
Q

Management of West syndrome

A

ACTH
Valproic acid
Vigabatrin

49
Q

outlook for West syndrome

A

poor, mental retardation

50
Q

generalized 3-Hz spike and wave discharge

A

absence seizure

51
Q

second line treatment for absence

A

valproic acid

52
Q

spike and sharp wave disturbance in mid-temporal and central regions

A

Benign rolandic epilepsy

53
Q

clinical feature of Rolandic epilepsy

A

early morning hours

oral buccal manifestations

54
Q

migrane

A

unilateral associated with nausea, vomiting or visual changes

Pediatrics Rotation (19 decks)

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