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Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

central hypotonia is dysfunction of

A

upper motor neurons

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2
Q

peripheral hypotonia is dysfunction of

A

lower motor neurons

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3
Q

common history found in hypotonia

A

decreased fetal movements
breech presentations
seizure in neotnatal period

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4
Q

PE finding for hypotonia

A

frog-leg position

decrease spontaneous movement

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5
Q

what studies should be worked up for central hypotonia

A
  1. head CT
  2. serum electorlytes
  3. chromosome study
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6
Q

studies for peripheral hypotonia

A
  1. Creatinine kinase
  2. DNA tests
  3. nerve conduction studies
  4. muscle biopsy
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7
Q

Spinal muscular atrophy

A

anterior motor horn cell degeneration

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8
Q

Werdnig-Hoffman disease

A

type I spinal muscular atrophy

infantile form

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9
Q

inheritance of spinal muscular atrophy

A

AR

SNM1 chromosome 5

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10
Q

clinical feature of spinal muscular atrophy

A 
weak cry 
tongue fasciculations 
bell-shaped chest
frog-leg position 
normal eye movement and sensory
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11
Q

Diagnosis for spinal muscular atrophy

A

DNA testing

muscle biopsy

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12
Q

management for spinal muscular atrophy

A

supportive

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13
Q

toxin of infantile botulism MOA

A

prevents presynaptic release of acetylcholine

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14
Q

classic first symptoms of infantile botulism

A

constipation

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15
Q

clinical feature of infantile botulism

A
  • ophthalmoplegia and hyporeflexia

- paralysis is symmetric and descending

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16
Q

Management for infantile botulism

A

Botulism immune globulin

NO ANTIBIOTICS

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17
Q

myotonia

A

inability to relax muscles

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18
Q

all survivors of congenital myotonic dystrophy have what

A

mental retardation

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19
Q

how is congenital myotonic dystrophy inherited

A

AD

from mom

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20
Q

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

A

ventricular enlargement caused by brain atrophy

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21
Q

Chiari type II

A

downward displacement of cerebellum and medulla through foramen magnum

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22
Q

Chiari type II is associated with

A

lumbosacral myelomeningocele

23
Q

Dandy-Walker malformation

A

absent of hypoplastic cerebellar vermis

- cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle

24
Q

sunset sign

A

tonic downward deviation of bot eyes caused by pressure from enlarged third ventricle

25
Myelomeningocele
herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges
26
Spina bifida occulta
no hernication
27
lumbosacral myelomeningoceles assoicated wtih
Chiari type II malformation and hydrocephalus
28
what serum is elevated in spina bifida
alpha-fetoprotein
29
Cheyne stroke breathing indicates
bilateral cortical injury
30
Apneustic breathing indicates
pontine damage
31
unilateral dilatred nonreactive pupil suggests
uncal herniation
32
bilateral constricted reactive pupils suggests
opiate ingestions | pontine
33
oculocephalic maneuver (doll's eyes)? if this does not work , what does that mean?
turn head of unconconsious person - eyes should follow back to midline - injured brainstem
34
Caloric irrigation
head at 30 degrees cold water in ear - eye should move to irrigated side
35
what must be checked immediately in a camotose patient
glucose
36
2 types of generalized seizures
1. tonic clonic | 2. Absence seziure
37
simple partial seizure
consciousness not impaired
38
complex partial seizure
consciousness is decreased
39
first time afebrile seizure in a healthy child with normal neurologic examination
no further investigation
40
what must be ruled out for febrile seizure
CNS infection
41
treatment for status epilepticus
- IV short acting Benzo | - Phenobarbital or phenytion
42
treatment for absence epilepsy
ethosuximide ``
43
alternative treatment options for epilepsy
- vagal nerve stimulator | - ketogenic diet
44
management for recurrent frequent febrile seizure
daily anticonvulsant prophylaxis | rectal diazepam
45
3 common epileptic syndrome
- infantile spasms - absence - benign rolandic epilepsy
46
common cause of infantile spasms
tuberous sclerosis
47
Hypssarrhytmia pattern
west syndrome ( infantile spasms)
48
Management of West syndrome
ACTH Valproic acid Vigabatrin
49
outlook for West syndrome
poor, mental retardation
50
generalized 3-Hz spike and wave discharge
absence seizure
51
second line treatment for absence
valproic acid
52
spike and sharp wave disturbance in mid-temporal and central regions
Benign rolandic epilepsy
53
clinical feature of Rolandic epilepsy
early morning hours | oral buccal manifestations
54
migrane
unilateral associated with nausea, vomiting or visual changes

Pediatrics Rotation (19 decks)

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