Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics Rotation > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

it is critical to evaluate what in short stature to differentiate it from normal to pathologic stature

A

growth rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

children who grow how many inches a year between 3 years and puberty do not have something wrong with them

A

2 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what ratio can indicate diproportionate short stature

A

U/L ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

familial short stature

A

normal bone age

normal onset of puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

constitutional short stature

A

delayed bone age
late onset of puberty
- normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 causes of prenatal onset proportionate short stature

A
  1. environmental exposures
  2. chromosome
  3. genetic
  4. viral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do you consider when you see disproportionate short stature

A

rickets

skeletal dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

indirect test for insulin insufficiency

A

IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what must be considered in any child older than 5 years of age who is not growing 2 inches per year

A

craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 4 endocrinopathies that cause short stature

A
  1. GH deficiency
  2. hypothyroidism
  3. hypercortisolism
  4. turner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thelarche

A

onset of breast devleopment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adrenarche

A

onset of pubic or axillary hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

onset of female puberty

A

7-13 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

onset of male puberty

A

9-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

first sign of puberty in males

A

testicular enlargment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

precocious puberty for girls

A

breast or hair before 7 years

menarche before 9 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

precocious puberty for boys

A

before 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Isosexual precocious puberty or central precocious pubterty

A

early onset of gonadotropin mediated puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cause of Isosexual precocious puberty or central precocious pubterty in girls

A

idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isosexual precocious puberty or central precocious pubterty in boys

A

need to get an MRI of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

test to demonstte premature acitivation of hypothalamus

A

GnRH stimulation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GnRH stimulation test for Isosexual precocious puberty or central precocious pubterty

A

LH increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Peripheral precocious puberty or heterosexual gonadotropin-independent puberty

A

peripheral production of male and female steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GnRH test for Peripheral precocious puberty or heterosexual gonadotropin-independent puberty

A

flat response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
do boys have testicular enlargement in Peripheral precocious puberty or heterosexual gonadotropin-independent puberty
no
26
3 causes of Peripheral precocious puberty or heterosexual gonadotropin-independent puberty in boys with testicular enlargement
1. McCune-Albright syndrome 2. Testotoxicosis 3. Beta-HCG secreting tumor
27
testotoxicosis
testes enlarge bilaterally independent of HPGA
28
Delayed puberty for boy
no testicular enlargement by 14
29
delayed puberty for girls
no breast tissue by 13 | no menarche by 14
30
3 genetic disorder of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
1. Kallman syndrome 2. Prader-Willi 3. Lawrence-Moon-Biedle syndrome
31
chromosomal disorders for hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
boys: Klinefelter girls: Turner
32
when is sex determined
7 weeks gestation
33
fetal testes produce? from what cell
testosterone: leydig cells | anti-mullerian hormone: sertoli cells
34
what hormone is responsible for extra genitalia in males
DHT
35
mixed gonadal dysgenesis
45XO/46XY
36
true hermaphroditism
both ovarian and testicular gonadal tissue
37
testicular feminization syndrome
female on outside but 46XY
38
most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 21-hydroxylase deficiency
39
Increase blood pressure and decrease blood pressure suggests
increase: CAH with 11B-OH deficiency decease: adrenal insufficiency
40
what regulates mineralcorticoid synthesis
renin-angiotensin system
41
what is lab value that indicates aldosterone deficiency
hyperkalemia
42
what is not deficient in secondary adrenal insufficiency
no aldosterone deficiency
43
how is CAH inhertied
autosomal recessive
44
3 enzymes that can be deficient in CAH
- 21 hydroxylase - 11Beta-hydroxylase - 3Beta-hydroxyteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
45
difference between 1Beta-hydroxylase and 1 hydroxylase
11Beta-hydroxylase: hypertensive and hypokalemic
46
if you are 21 hydroxylase deficient, what is elevated
17-hydroxyprogesterone
47
if you are 11Beta-hydroxylase deficient, what is elevated
11-deoxycortisol (specific compound S)
48
Addison's disease
autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex
49
how do you test adrenal insufficiency
ACTH stimulation test
50
is adrenal crisis a medical emergency
yes
51
most common cause of glucocorticoid excess
iatrogenic
52
cushing disease
excessive ACTH production
53
Cushing syndrome
benign or malignant adrenal tumors
54
test for excessive cortisol
dexamethasone suppression test
55
most Type I diabetic have what HLA defect
HLA haplotype DR3 and DR4
56
autoimmune factors for type I Diabetes
- islet cell antibodies - antibodies against insulin - antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase
57
"honeymoon period"
patients see reduction in daily insulin requirements
58
Somogyi phenomenon
evening dose of insulin is too high - morning hypoglycemia - body compensates with high glucose and ketone in morning
59
which one has a higher genetic componenet Diabetes 1 or 2
2
60
define DKA
sugar greater than 300 bicarb less than 15 ph less than 7.30
61
what does insulin do to potassium
move K in cell
62
what does glucagon do during DKA
converts free fatty acids into ketone bodies
63
Management of DKA
fluids, insulin, and potassium
64
T3 and T4 bind to what in circulation
thyroid-binding protien

Pediatrics Rotation (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions