Infectious Disease Flashcards by Bina Malapur

Silver stain, stains for waht

fungal elements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ziehl-Neelsen stains for

acid-fast bacilli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fever in child

rectal temperature of 100.4 or higher

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common bacteria for 0-1 month

Group B Strep
E. Coli
Listeria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common bacteria for 1-3 month

Group B Strep
Strep pneu.
listeria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common bacteria 3months- 3 years

Strep. pneu
HIB
Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common bacteria 3 years to adult

Step. pneu

Neisseria meningitidits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

at what age is an infant always hospitalized for a fever

less than 28 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 0-1 month

Ampicillin

Gentamicin or Cefotaxime

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 1-3 month

Ampicillin + Cefotaxime

add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 3month-3 years

Cefotaxime

add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 3 years to adult

Cefotaxime

add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meningitis

inflammation of Meninges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does lumbar puncture show for bacterial meningitis

increase neutrophils
low glucose
increase protein
positive gram stain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what has been shown to reduce hearing loss in HIB meningitis ?

give steroids with antibiotics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most common complication of bacterial meningitis? others?

hearing loss

- SIADH, global brain injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

aseptic meningitis

viral inflammation of meningis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lumbar puncture for aseptic meningitis

lymphocytic pleocytosis
normal glucose
normal to elevated protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brain imaging for TB meningitis

basilar enhancement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

clinical feature of TB meningitis

second week progress rapidly

cranial nerve deficits
altered level of consciousness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

viral causes of pharyngitis

Coxsackievirus
EBV
CMV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bacterial causes of pharyngitis

Strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

top 3 organisms that cause sinusitis

S. pneumoniae
HIB
M. catarrhalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Difference between acute, subacute and chronic sinusitius

acute: days
subacute: 30-90 days
chronic: greater 90 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

management of sinusitus

Amoxicillin

EBV pharyngitis

- enlarged posterior cervical lymph node - malaise - hepatosplenomegaly

coxsackieviurs pharyngitis

painful vesicles or ulcers on posterior pharynx

Diptheria pharyngitis

gray, adherent tonsillar membrane

management of diptheria

oral erythromycin or parenteral penicillin

acute otitis media

acute infection of middle ear space

otitis media with effusion

fluid within middle ear without symptoms of infection

most common bacteria to cause otitis media

- S. pneumoniae - non-typeable H. flu - moreaxella catarrhalis

most reliable method of detecting middle ear fluid

Pneumatic otoscopy

if treatment is used for acute otitis media, what is it?

Amoxicillin

otitis externa

infection of the external auditory canal

most common pathogen for otitis externa

Pseudomonas Staph aures Candida

diagnosis for otitis externa

erythema and edema of EAS

management of otitis externa

restore EAC to natural acidic envirnment

2 most common agents for cervical lymphadenitis

1. S. aureus | 2. S. pyogenes

heart disease that causes cervical lymphadenitis

Kawasaki

fungus that causes cervical lymphadenitis

T. gondii

common cause of parotitis

mumps

difference between viral and bacterial parotitis

viral: bilateral bacterial: unilateral

is impetigo easily transmitted

yes

Erysipelas

skin infection of dermal lymphatics

cause of erysipelas

strep pyogenes

clinical feature of erysipelas

tender, erythematous skin with distinct border

Cellulitis

skin infection in dermis

causes of cellultitis

Strep pyogens | S. aures

clinical feature of cellultitis

indistinct border

Buccal cellulitis

unilateral bluish discoloration on cheek of a young immunized child -HIB

Perianal cellulitis

well-demarcated erythema involving skin around anus

Necrotizing fasciitis

- potentially fatal form of deep cellulitis | - pain and systemic symptoms out of proportion to physical findings

therapy for necrotizing fasciits

IV antibiotics | surgical debridement

what type of sign is present for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Nikolsky sign ( extension of Bullae when pressure is applied to skin)

clinical feature of scarlet fever rash

- begins on trunk - erythematous - sandpaper rash - Pastia's lines: skin creases in linear fashion - desquamation of dry skin

what is the goal of management for scarlet fever

prevent rheumatic fever

complications of Strep pyogenes

- post-strep glomerulonephritis - rheumatic fever - arthritis - PANDAS

What is PANDAS

OCD symptoms | tics

In what situation do you see toxic shock syndrome

tampons

2 viral causes of diarrhea

Rotavirus | Norwalk virus

classic electrolyte finding for diarrhea

non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

What is in stool for ETEC and EPEC

stool WBC absent

what is in stool for EHEC and treatment

stool WBC present | - do not give antibiotics

Yersinia enterocolitica mimics what

acute appendicitis

HIV symptoms during first year of life

asymptomatic

All infants born to HIV-infected mother have transplacental what

maternal antibody that my be present 18-24 months

what is the HIV screen test for infants up to 4 months

HIV-specific DNA PCR

can HIV mothers breastfeed

Treatment for Pneumocystis Carinii penumonia

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

first line test is diagnosing EBV infection

monospot

preferred method of diagnosing EBV infection in children under 4 years

EBV antibody titers

Acute infection of EBV is diagnosed by finding elevated levels of

IgM-VCA

Most common complication and most common cause of mortality in measles

bacterial penumonia

Congenital rubella syndrome occurs after primary maternal infection during what time period

first trimester

how is entamoeba histolytica spread

ingestion of cyst in contaminated food or water

Drink contaminated mountain water in western US are at higher risk for

Giardiasis

Diagnosis for Giardiasis

stool ELISA test | - cysts and trophozoites

what transmits plasmodium

anopheles mosquito

how is malaria diagnosed

thin and thick Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear

patients who are HIV and have toxoplasmosis commonly present with

focal seziures

t. gondii do to eye

infectious chorioretinitis

congential toxoplasmosis

hydrocephalus intracranial calcification chorioretinitis

where is cysticercosis common

Mexico

clinical feature of cysticercois

Neurocysticercosis - 4th ventricle enlargement - seizure

Diagnosis for cysticercosis

ova and parasite stool evalution

lab values for Rickettsia rickettsii

Thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia

spotless Rocky mountain spotted fever

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Less common finding in Bartonella Henselae

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome: conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadentitis

Latent tuberculosis infection in children

- positive TB skin test - asymptomatic - does not progress to TB disease

extrapulmonary symptoms of TB in children

cervical lymphadentitis meningitis Potts miliary disease

child with scarlet fever is given antibiotics. what does this prevent

PANDAS and rheumatic fever

bulky, foul-smelling stools, weight loss and day care attendance?

giardia

HIB can give what skin problem

Buccal cellulitis

Nikolsky sign is for what skin problem

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome