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Pediatrics Rotation > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Silver stain, stains for waht

A

fungal elements

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2
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stains for

A

acid-fast bacilli

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3
Q

fever in child

A

rectal temperature of 100.4 or higher

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4
Q

common bacteria for 0-1 month

A

Group B Strep
E. Coli
Listeria

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5
Q

common bacteria for 1-3 month

A

Group B Strep
Strep pneu.
listeria

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6
Q

common bacteria 3months- 3 years

A

Strep. pneu
HIB
Neisseria meningitidis

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7
Q

common bacteria 3 years to adult

A

Step. pneu

Neisseria meningitidits

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8
Q

at what age is an infant always hospitalized for a fever

A

less than 28 days

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9
Q

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 0-1 month

A

Ampicillin

Gentamicin or Cefotaxime

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10
Q

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 1-3 month

A

Ampicillin + Cefotaxime

add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected

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11
Q

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 3month-3 years

A

Cefotaxime

add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected

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12
Q

Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 3 years to adult

A

Cefotaxime

add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected

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13
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of Meninges

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14
Q

what does lumbar puncture show for bacterial meningitis

A
  • increase neutrophils
  • low glucose
  • increase protein
  • positive gram stain
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15
Q

what has been shown to reduce hearing loss in HIB meningitis ?

A

give steroids with antibiotics

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16
Q

most common complication of bacterial meningitis? others?

A

hearing loss

- SIADH, global brain injury

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17
Q

aseptic meningitis

A

viral inflammation of meningis

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18
Q

lumbar puncture for aseptic meningitis

A
  • lymphocytic pleocytosis
  • normal glucose
  • normal to elevated protein
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19
Q

Brain imaging for TB meningitis

A

basilar enhancement

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20
Q

clinical feature of TB meningitis

A

second week progress rapidly

  • cranial nerve deficits
  • altered level of consciousness
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21
Q

viral causes of pharyngitis

A

Coxsackievirus
EBV
CMV

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22
Q

bacterial causes of pharyngitis

A

Strep pyogenes

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23
Q

top 3 organisms that cause sinusitis

A

S. pneumoniae
HIB
M. catarrhalis

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24
Q

Difference between acute, subacute and chronic sinusitius

A

acute: days
subacute: 30-90 days
chronic: greater 90 days

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25
Q

management of sinusitus

A

Amoxicillin

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26
Q

EBV pharyngitis

A
  • enlarged posterior cervical lymph node
  • malaise
  • hepatosplenomegaly
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27
Q

coxsackieviurs pharyngitis

A

painful vesicles or ulcers on posterior pharynx

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28
Q

Diptheria pharyngitis

A

gray, adherent tonsillar membrane

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29
Q

management of diptheria

A

oral erythromycin or parenteral penicillin

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30
Q

acute otitis media

A

acute infection of middle ear space

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31
Q

otitis media with effusion

A

fluid within middle ear without symptoms of infection

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32
Q

most common bacteria to cause otitis media

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • non-typeable H. flu
  • moreaxella catarrhalis
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33
Q

most reliable method of detecting middle ear fluid

A

Pneumatic otoscopy

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34
Q

if treatment is used for acute otitis media, what is it?

A

Amoxicillin

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35
Q

otitis externa

A

infection of the external auditory canal

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36
Q

most common pathogen for otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas
Staph aures
Candida

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37
Q

diagnosis for otitis externa

A

erythema and edema of EAS

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38
Q

management of otitis externa

A

restore EAC to natural acidic envirnment

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39
Q

2 most common agents for cervical lymphadenitis

A
  1. S. aureus

2. S. pyogenes

40
Q

heart disease that causes cervical lymphadenitis

A

Kawasaki

41
Q

fungus that causes cervical lymphadenitis

A

T. gondii

42
Q

common cause of parotitis

A

mumps

43
Q

difference between viral and bacterial parotitis

A

viral: bilateral
bacterial: unilateral

44
Q

is impetigo easily transmitted

A

yes

45
Q

Erysipelas

A

skin infection of dermal lymphatics

46
Q

cause of erysipelas

A

strep pyogenes

47
Q

clinical feature of erysipelas

A

tender, erythematous skin with distinct border

48
Q

Cellulitis

A

skin infection in dermis

49
Q

causes of cellultitis

A

Strep pyogens

S. aures

50
Q

clinical feature of cellultitis

A

indistinct border

51
Q

Buccal cellulitis

A

unilateral bluish discoloration on cheek of a young immunized child
-HIB

52
Q

Perianal cellulitis

A

well-demarcated erythema involving skin around anus

53
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A
  • potentially fatal form of deep cellulitis

- pain and systemic symptoms out of proportion to physical findings

54
Q

therapy for necrotizing fasciits

A

IV antibiotics

surgical debridement

55
Q

what type of sign is present for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Nikolsky sign ( extension of Bullae when pressure is applied to skin)

56
Q

clinical feature of scarlet fever rash

A
  • begins on trunk
  • erythematous
  • sandpaper rash
  • Pastia’s lines: skin creases in linear fashion
  • desquamation of dry skin
57
Q

what is the goal of management for scarlet fever

A

prevent rheumatic fever

58
Q

complications of Strep pyogenes

A
  • post-strep glomerulonephritis
  • rheumatic fever
  • arthritis
  • PANDAS
59
Q

What is PANDAS

A

OCD symptoms

tics

60
Q

In what situation do you see toxic shock syndrome

A

tampons

61
Q

2 viral causes of diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

Norwalk virus

62
Q

classic electrolyte finding for diarrhea

A

non-anion gap
hyperchloremic
metabolic acidosis

63
Q

What is in stool for ETEC and EPEC

A

stool WBC absent

64
Q

what is in stool for EHEC and treatment

A

stool WBC present

- do not give antibiotics

65
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica mimics what

A

acute appendicitis

66
Q

HIV symptoms during first year of life

A

asymptomatic

67
Q

All infants born to HIV-infected mother have transplacental what

A

maternal antibody that my be present 18-24 months

68
Q

what is the HIV screen test for infants up to 4 months

A

HIV-specific DNA PCR

69
Q

can HIV mothers breastfeed

A

no

70
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis Carinii penumonia

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

71
Q

first line test is diagnosing EBV infection

A

monospot

72
Q

preferred method of diagnosing EBV infection in children under 4 years

A

EBV antibody titers

73
Q

Acute infection of EBV is diagnosed by finding elevated levels of

A

IgM-VCA

74
Q

Most common complication and most common cause of mortality in measles

A

bacterial penumonia

75
Q

Congenital rubella syndrome occurs after primary maternal infection during what time period

A

first trimester

76
Q

how is entamoeba histolytica spread

A

ingestion of cyst in contaminated food or water

77
Q

Drink contaminated mountain water in western US are at higher risk for

A

Giardiasis

78
Q

Diagnosis for Giardiasis

A

stool ELISA test

- cysts and trophozoites

79
Q

what transmits plasmodium

A

anopheles mosquito

80
Q

how is malaria diagnosed

A

thin and thick Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear

81
Q

patients who are HIV and have toxoplasmosis commonly present with

A

focal seziures

82
Q

t. gondii do to eye

A

infectious chorioretinitis

83
Q

congential toxoplasmosis

A

hydrocephalus
intracranial calcification
chorioretinitis

84
Q

where is cysticercosis common

A

Mexico

85
Q

clinical feature of cysticercois

A

Neurocysticercosis

  • 4th ventricle enlargement
  • seizure
86
Q

Diagnosis for cysticercosis

A

ova and parasite stool evalution

87
Q

lab values for Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia

88
Q

spotless Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

89
Q

Less common finding in Bartonella Henselae

A

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome: conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadentitis

90
Q

Latent tuberculosis infection in children

A
  • positive TB skin test
  • asymptomatic
  • does not progress to TB disease
91
Q

extrapulmonary symptoms of TB in children

A

cervical lymphadentitis
meningitis
Potts
miliary disease

92
Q

child with scarlet fever is given antibiotics. what does this prevent

A

PANDAS and rheumatic fever

93
Q

bulky, foul-smelling stools, weight loss and day care attendance?

A

giardia

94
Q

HIB can give what skin problem

A

Buccal cellulitis

95
Q

Nikolsky sign is for what skin problem

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Pediatrics Rotation (19 decks)

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