Infectious Disease Flashcards
Silver stain, stains for waht
fungal elements
Ziehl-Neelsen stains for
acid-fast bacilli
fever in child
rectal temperature of 100.4 or higher
common bacteria for 0-1 month
Group B Strep
E. Coli
Listeria
common bacteria for 1-3 month
Group B Strep
Strep pneu.
listeria
common bacteria 3months- 3 years
Strep. pneu
HIB
Neisseria meningitidis
common bacteria 3 years to adult
Step. pneu
Neisseria meningitidits
at what age is an infant always hospitalized for a fever
less than 28 days
Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 0-1 month
Ampicillin
Gentamicin or Cefotaxime
Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 1-3 month
Ampicillin + Cefotaxime
add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected
Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 3month-3 years
Cefotaxime
add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected
Empiric intravenous antibiotics for 3 years to adult
Cefotaxime
add vanc if bacterial meningitis is suspected
Meningitis
inflammation of Meninges
what does lumbar puncture show for bacterial meningitis
- increase neutrophils
- low glucose
- increase protein
- positive gram stain
what has been shown to reduce hearing loss in HIB meningitis ?
give steroids with antibiotics
most common complication of bacterial meningitis? others?
hearing loss
- SIADH, global brain injury
aseptic meningitis
viral inflammation of meningis
lumbar puncture for aseptic meningitis
- lymphocytic pleocytosis
- normal glucose
- normal to elevated protein
Brain imaging for TB meningitis
basilar enhancement
clinical feature of TB meningitis
second week progress rapidly
- cranial nerve deficits
- altered level of consciousness
viral causes of pharyngitis
Coxsackievirus
EBV
CMV
bacterial causes of pharyngitis
Strep pyogenes
top 3 organisms that cause sinusitis
S. pneumoniae
HIB
M. catarrhalis
Difference between acute, subacute and chronic sinusitius
acute: days
subacute: 30-90 days
chronic: greater 90 days
management of sinusitus
Amoxicillin
EBV pharyngitis
- enlarged posterior cervical lymph node
- malaise
- hepatosplenomegaly
coxsackieviurs pharyngitis
painful vesicles or ulcers on posterior pharynx
Diptheria pharyngitis
gray, adherent tonsillar membrane
management of diptheria
oral erythromycin or parenteral penicillin
acute otitis media
acute infection of middle ear space
otitis media with effusion
fluid within middle ear without symptoms of infection
most common bacteria to cause otitis media
- S. pneumoniae
- non-typeable H. flu
- moreaxella catarrhalis
most reliable method of detecting middle ear fluid
Pneumatic otoscopy
if treatment is used for acute otitis media, what is it?
Amoxicillin
otitis externa
infection of the external auditory canal
most common pathogen for otitis externa
Pseudomonas
Staph aures
Candida
diagnosis for otitis externa
erythema and edema of EAS
management of otitis externa
restore EAC to natural acidic envirnment
2 most common agents for cervical lymphadenitis
- S. aureus
2. S. pyogenes
heart disease that causes cervical lymphadenitis
Kawasaki
fungus that causes cervical lymphadenitis
T. gondii
common cause of parotitis
mumps
difference between viral and bacterial parotitis
viral: bilateral
bacterial: unilateral
is impetigo easily transmitted
yes
Erysipelas
skin infection of dermal lymphatics
cause of erysipelas
strep pyogenes
clinical feature of erysipelas
tender, erythematous skin with distinct border
Cellulitis
skin infection in dermis
causes of cellultitis
Strep pyogens
S. aures
clinical feature of cellultitis
indistinct border
Buccal cellulitis
unilateral bluish discoloration on cheek of a young immunized child
-HIB
Perianal cellulitis
well-demarcated erythema involving skin around anus
Necrotizing fasciitis
- potentially fatal form of deep cellulitis
- pain and systemic symptoms out of proportion to physical findings
therapy for necrotizing fasciits
IV antibiotics
surgical debridement
what type of sign is present for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Nikolsky sign ( extension of Bullae when pressure is applied to skin)
clinical feature of scarlet fever rash
- begins on trunk
- erythematous
- sandpaper rash
- Pastia’s lines: skin creases in linear fashion
- desquamation of dry skin
what is the goal of management for scarlet fever
prevent rheumatic fever
complications of Strep pyogenes
- post-strep glomerulonephritis
- rheumatic fever
- arthritis
- PANDAS
What is PANDAS
OCD symptoms
tics
In what situation do you see toxic shock syndrome
tampons
2 viral causes of diarrhea
Rotavirus
Norwalk virus
classic electrolyte finding for diarrhea
non-anion gap
hyperchloremic
metabolic acidosis
What is in stool for ETEC and EPEC
stool WBC absent
what is in stool for EHEC and treatment
stool WBC present
- do not give antibiotics
Yersinia enterocolitica mimics what
acute appendicitis
HIV symptoms during first year of life
asymptomatic
All infants born to HIV-infected mother have transplacental what
maternal antibody that my be present 18-24 months
what is the HIV screen test for infants up to 4 months
HIV-specific DNA PCR
can HIV mothers breastfeed
no
Treatment for Pneumocystis Carinii penumonia
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
first line test is diagnosing EBV infection
monospot
preferred method of diagnosing EBV infection in children under 4 years
EBV antibody titers
Acute infection of EBV is diagnosed by finding elevated levels of
IgM-VCA
Most common complication and most common cause of mortality in measles
bacterial penumonia
Congenital rubella syndrome occurs after primary maternal infection during what time period
first trimester
how is entamoeba histolytica spread
ingestion of cyst in contaminated food or water
Drink contaminated mountain water in western US are at higher risk for
Giardiasis
Diagnosis for Giardiasis
stool ELISA test
- cysts and trophozoites
what transmits plasmodium
anopheles mosquito
how is malaria diagnosed
thin and thick Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear
patients who are HIV and have toxoplasmosis commonly present with
focal seziures
t. gondii do to eye
infectious chorioretinitis
congential toxoplasmosis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcification
chorioretinitis
where is cysticercosis common
Mexico
clinical feature of cysticercois
Neurocysticercosis
- 4th ventricle enlargement
- seizure
Diagnosis for cysticercosis
ova and parasite stool evalution
lab values for Rickettsia rickettsii
Thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia
spotless Rocky mountain spotted fever
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Less common finding in Bartonella Henselae
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome: conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadentitis
Latent tuberculosis infection in children
- positive TB skin test
- asymptomatic
- does not progress to TB disease
extrapulmonary symptoms of TB in children
cervical lymphadentitis
meningitis
Potts
miliary disease
child with scarlet fever is given antibiotics. what does this prevent
PANDAS and rheumatic fever
bulky, foul-smelling stools, weight loss and day care attendance?
giardia
HIB can give what skin problem
Buccal cellulitis
Nikolsky sign is for what skin problem
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
