Allergy and Immunology Flashcards
Anaphylaxis
systemic IgE mediated reaction
treatment for anaphylaxis
epinephrine
Allergic rhinitis
IgE-medicated inflammatory response
Allergen-specific IgE binds to what
mast cells and basophils
Dennie’s lines
creases under eyes as a result of chronic edema
nasal smear for cytology for allergic rhinitis sows
- more than 10 percent eosinophils
- polymorphic leukocytes
most effective class of drugs for allergic rhinitis
intranasal steroids
first line therapy for allergic rhinitis
- first generation antihistamin
- second generation: safer and better tolerated, not as effective
why are decongestants used for a short period of time in allergic rhinitis
side effects of insomnia, nervousness, and rebound rhinitis
principle of immunotherapy of repeated injection so what for allergic rhinitis
allergens,
- with time, better tolerance
atopic dermatitis
eczema
lichenification
thickening of skin
chronic changes to atropic dermatitis
lichenification and pigmentary changes
infantile form of atopic dematitis
truncal and facial areas
along scalp
extensor surfaces
early childhood atopic dermatitis
flexural surfaces
chronic itching
lichenification
Diagnosis for atopic dermatitis
3/4
- pruritus
- personal or family history of atopy
- typical morphology and distribution
- relapsing or chronic dermatitis
management of atopic dermatitis
antihistamines
steroids
most common food allergies
egg milk peanut soy wheat fish
laboratory test for food allergy
skin test
radioallergosorbent (RAST) test
how can diffuse urticaria be treated
- antihistamines
- steroids
Urticaria
circumscribed, raised, evanescent (vanishing) areas of edema that are almost always pruritic
patients with chronic urticaria have what problem
IgG antibody to IgE receptor
latex allergy can cause what
acute urticaria
drug allergy
IgE mediated or direct mast cell degranulation
Innate response of body
- phagocytic cells
- natural killer cells
- toll-like receptors
- mannose-binding protein
- alternative pathway of complement
adaptive immune response
B and T cells
Most common immune deficiency
IgA deficiency
Management of IgA deficiency
manage infections
Common variable immunodeficiency
defect in B-cell maturation
Management of Common variable immunodeficiency
IVIG
aggressive management of infections
chronic diarrhea management
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
defective T and B cells
how is SCID inherited
X-linked
AR
clinical feature of SCID
FTT
chronic diarrhea
infections within first few months
Management of SCID
- no blood products
- monthly IVIG
- P. carinii pneumoni prophylaxis
Ataxia telangiectasia
AR
Cerebellar ataxia
oculocutaneous telangiectasias
what chromosome is ataxia telangiectasia on
11
what management should be avoided in ataxia telangiectasia
ionizing radiation
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
WATER
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
Recurrent infections
how is Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome inherited
X-linked
-short arm
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are susceptible to what infections
encapsulated organisms
which antibody is low for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
IgM
Management Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
HLA-matched bone marrow transplant
IVIG
splenectomy
what must be given regularly after splenectomy
prophylactic antibiotics or IVIG
Bruton’s Agammaglobinemia
Bad B
Good T
What gene is impacted in Bruton’s Agammaglobinemia
BTK gene
Bruton’s Agammaglobinemia increases susceptibility to what infections
encapsulated bacteria
Management of Bruton’s Agammaglobinemia
monthly IVIG replacement
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
deficient NAPDH oxidase
Diagnosis for Chronic Granulomatous Disease
nitroblue tetrazolium
flow cytometric assay
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
- decrease neutrophil chemotaxis
- cyclic neutropenia
- pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
clinical features of Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
- recurrent soft tissue infection
- chronic diarrhea
- FTT
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
- S. aures common infection
- partial oculocutaneous albinism
deficiency or dysfunction of C1 esterase inhibitor causes
hereditary angioedema
