Neurology

Question 1

AChE in amniotic fluid and AFP in maternal fluid are indicative of

Answer 1

Open neural tube defect (AChE is only CSF)

Question 2

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is associated to

Answer 2

Neuronal loss (stroke, trauma, dementia, untreated HIV)

Question 3

What’s Pseudotumor cerebri ?

Answer 3

High ICP in the absence of ventricular enlargement (idiopathic)

Question 4

Young obese woman with headache, papilledema and vision problems. No other history. Suspect

Answer 4

Pseudotumor cerebri

Question 5

Communicating vs non-communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 5

1. No ventricle obstruction, drainage problem. Ventricles communicate
2. Ventricle Obstruction

Question 6

Vestibulopathy features

Answer 6

Sudden onset
Tandem walk is ok

Question 7

Opiates action mec

Answer 7

Bind to Mu receptor/
- on Primary neuron: reduces Ca+2 influx -> less NTs release
-on post synaptic mb: increases K influx -> Hyperpol

Question 8

Local anesthetics mec

Answer 8

• block Na+ channels -> decreases AP propagation

Question 9

BZD mec

Answer 9

Increase Cl- influx at GABA-A receptors

Question 10

Obstruction of cerebral aqueduct affects

Answer 10

3rd and lateral ventricles

Question 11

Obstruction of foramina of Monro affects

Answer 11

Lateral ventricles only

Question 12

Lat foramina of Luschka and medial foramen of Magendie affects

Answer 12

4th, 3rd and lat ventricles

Question 13

Reactivation of HSV occurs via which protein?

Answer 13

Kinesin (anterograde agonal transport)

Question 14

Dynein is important in which phase of HSV?

Answer 14

Latent

Question 15

Tuberous sclerosis complex features

Answer 15

-ash leaf macula
-hamartomas
-tuberin - hamartin complex affected

Question 16

Severe traffic accidents can cause

Answer 16

Diffuse axonal injury - disruption of white matter tracks

Question 17

Which segments are responsible for the tricipital reflex

Answer 17

C7-C8

Question 18

Which segments are responsible for bicipital reflex

Answer 18

C5-C6

Question 19

Lesions before pons affect ____ of face

Answer 19

Ipsilat upper segment (in rel to lesion)

Question 20

First line treatment for essential tremor

Answer 20

Propranolol

Question 21

Núcleos del hipopótamo que reg hambre

Answer 21

Ventromedial: saciedad -> daño lleva a hiperfagia
Lateral: hambre -> daño lleva a anorexia

Question 22

Which nucleus reg sleep

Answer 22

Suprachiasmatic

Question 23

In general what’s the most common side effect of BZD?

Answer 23

Sedation
*diazepam

Question 24

Which drugs should be avoided when using BZD?

Answer 24

Barbiturates
Neuroleptics
1st generation anti-histaminecs

Question 25

Which conditions predispose to Carpal tunnel sd ?

Answer 25

Pregnancy DM Hemodialysis Hypothyroidism RA

Question 26

Von Hippel-Lindau features

Answer 26

-Cerebellar (angiomatous lesions) and retinal Hemangioblastomas -pheochromocytoma -renal cell carcinoma

Question 27

Axonal Rx due to trauma produces

Answer 27

Wallerian degeneration: distal to the point of injury. Rounded cell + nucleus and nissl substance to the periphery

Question 28

NFT2 features

Answer 28

Bilat vestibular schwannomas (hallmark) Hearing loss Tinnitus Imbalance

Question 29

NFT1 features

Answer 29

Skin manifestation (café-au-lait macules) Neurofibromas Optic nerve fibromas Pigmented nodules in iris (Lisch nodules)

Question 30

Rapidly progressive dementia + myoclonus + brain atrophy, think of

Answer 30

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (prion disease)

Question 31

Musculocutaneous nerve fx

Answer 31

Arm addiction Elbow flexion Lat forearm sensory inervation