BIO-Q Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose-6–phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency features

A

Most common enzyme disorder
Recurrent hemolysis (dark urine)
Triggered by Fava beans, infections or drugs(sulfa drugs,anti-malarials)
Males (x-linked)
Africa
Heinz bodies, bite cells

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2
Q

Baby who just moved from breast feeding to solids, presents with hypoglycemia + lactic acidosis + ketosis, think of

A

Hereditary fructose intolerance

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3
Q

NB presents with hypoglycemia + lactic acidosis + ketosis right after being breast fed, think of

A

Galactosemia

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4
Q

Baby presents with hypoglycemia + lactic acidosis + ketosis during fasting period, think of

A

Glycogen storage disorder

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5
Q

Maple syrup urine disease is characterized by urine sweet smell. Results from ___

A

Alfa-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex def

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6
Q

Fatty acid disorder features

A

3 or more months old babe
Hypoketotic hypoglycemia*

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7
Q

Carnitine def and MCAD def are examples of

A

Fatty acid disorders

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8
Q

NB with lethargy, vomiting, seizures and severe isolated hyperammonemia (>1000, NV:<50), which enzyme is likely def?

A

Ornithine trancarbamylase

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9
Q

Orotic aciduria features

A

Megaloblastic anemia
Poor growth
Normal ammonia levels (dif from OTC def)

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10
Q

Suspect mitochondrial disease (pyruvate dehydrogenase def) when

A

Elevated alanine
Severe lactic acidosis

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11
Q

Hypoglycemia + urinary sugars soon after babe feeds, suspect

A

Galactosemia or HFI

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12
Q

Piruvate kinase def causes atp depletion which causes

A

Hemolysis (due to defective mb) and splenomegaly (due to red pulp hyperplasia)

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13
Q

Maple syrup disease physiopatholpgy

A

Alfa-keto acid dehydrogenase absence cannot breakdown leucine, isoleucine and valine -> accumulate-> neurotoxicity

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14
Q

Baby with microcephaly, seizures, hypopigmentation dysreg mood, appetite, sleep, think of

A

Tetrahydrobiopterin impaired synthesis (BH4)
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan/serotonin affected

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15
Q

Features of an old cerebral infarct

A

Enlarged ventricle
Cystic cavity with loss of volume
Tissue destruction by lysosomal enzymes (liquefactive necrosis)

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16
Q

Which GI hormone produces HCO3

A

Secretin (s cells from duodenum)
Cholecystokinin

17
Q

In which step of the TCA is GTP made?

A

From succinyl-CoA to Succinate rx

18
Q

Hereditary angiodema features

A

Childhood/teens
Face/extremities swelling
Triggered by small trauma/stress
No itching/pain
-C1 inh def-> excess C1-> low C4

19
Q

What things come from the neural crest?

A

Adrenal medulla
Melanocytes
Meninges, Schwann cells, skull
Branchial arches

20
Q

Rare, life-threatening diseases req a high ( sensitivity/specificity )test

A

Sensitivity

21
Q

Pt with recent increased activity, decreased sleep, racing thoughts, pressured speech, grandiose and paranoid delusions, thin of ___. Treat with___

A

Acute manic episode
D2 antagonist antipsychotics (haloperidol)

22
Q

Pt with recent acute manic episode presents with fever, confusion and autonomic disfx, think of

A

Neuroleptic malignant sd due to D2 antagonist

23
Q

Oculocutaneous albinism
Pyogenic infections
Progressive neurologic dysfunction
Think of

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

24
Q

Congenital heart disease
Dysmorphic facies
Hypocalcemia
Think of

A

DiGeorge sd

25
Severe bacterial & viral infections in infancy Chronic diarrhea Mucocutaneous candidiasis Think of
Severe combined immunodef
26
• Recurrent infections that worsen with age • Easy bleeding • Eczema Think of
Wiskott-Aldrich sd
27
G6PD deficiency alters NADPH production which affects
Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis Glutathione supply
28
Baby with bulge on the neck, comfortable only when held sideways, favors look towards one side, cries when turning head towards op side, think of
Congenital torticolis (due to birth trauma, intrauterine malposition)
29
Young pt with Polyarthralgia, tenosinovitis, painless postules on extremities, think of
Disseminated gonococica infection
30
Restrictive vs obstructive pattern on spirometry and graph
Restrictive: increased FEV1/FVC. graph: higher y, shorter x Obstructive: Reduced FEV1/FVC. Graph: lower y, longer x
31
Recombinant HBsAg vaccine mec
Has envelope glycoproteins that prevent viral attachment and penetration of hepatocytes
32
Cardiac catheterization path and pressure
Insertion: subclavian/ int jugular vein SVC and RA - 1 to 6 mmHg Tricuspid valve and RV - 15 to 30 mmHg Pulm artery- 6 to 12 mmHg
33
Drug of choice for Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine