Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Non-bilious emesis after eating in a 3-6 week old infant to a primogravida (first male born), signs of dehydration (sunken fontanella, dry mucous memb). Rel to Macrolide use. Olvide-shaped mass. Prominent peristaltic waves. Dg?

A

Infantile Hypertrophic piloric stenosis

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2
Q

Órganos que provienen del 1) endodermo 2)mesodermo 3)ectodermo

A

1) GI track, liver, pancreas, lungs, thyroid, bladder, urethra
2) Spleen, kidney,ureter, muscle, peritoneum, adrenal cortex.
3) sensory organs, brain (and related)

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3
Q

Which mechanism explains the Zenker diverticulum ?

A

Chricopharingeal motor dysfunction

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4
Q

Common causes of pneumoperitonium

A

1)perforated duodenal ulcer
2) Perforated viscus
3)tumors
4)trauma

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5
Q

Which structures can be affected by an occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

-Hepatic triad (hepatic A, Common bile duct, hepatic portal v)
-IVC

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6
Q

Breastfed infants supplementation?

A

Vit K, Vit D

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7
Q

Differences between Mallory Weiss and Boerhaave

A

Mallory: mucosal tear, hematemesis, heal spontaneously. Upper GI endoscop.
Boerhaave: transmural tear, crepitus and crunching sound, emergency sx. Esophagography or CT scan

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8
Q

What’s a Hiatal Hernia?

A

Circumpherential laxity of the phrenoesophageal membrane at the gastroesophageal junction.

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9
Q

Aging effects on liver?

A

-increased size of hepatocyte
-accumulation of lypofuscin
-Decreased activity C-P450

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10
Q

Hirschsprung Diseases profile

A

Infant with bilious emesis, abdominal distension, chronic refractory constipation, delayed passage meconium (neonates). Barium enema shows narrow rectum, rectosigmoid area and dilated colon. Cause: Failure of neural cell migration

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11
Q

Name osmotic laxatives and related disease

A

Polyethylene glycol and lactulose. Lactose intolerance.

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12
Q

SIBO is a common complication of:

A

Scleroderma

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13
Q

Findings in biopsy of dermatomyositis

A

Perifascicular atrophy of muscles. Affects only striated muscle of upper esophagus

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14
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma findings in CT scan

A

Dilated both right and left hepatic bile ducts (klatskin tumors)

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15
Q

Mid-gut malrotation features

A

Duodenojejunal flexure and Cecum rest in RUQ. Fibrous Ladd-bands. Intestinal obstruction signs.

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16
Q

Mid-gut malrotation features

A

Duodenojejunal flexure and Cecum rest in RUQ. Fibrous Ladd-bands. Intestinal obstruction signs. Bilious emesis, ando distension.

17
Q

What’s Shigellosis invasion mec?

A

Invades intestinal epithelial barrier, enterocytes and Microfold (M) cells (found in Peyer patches in ileum)

18
Q

Duodenum anatomic correlations:

A

-1st partion: only part that’s NOT retroperitoneal
-2nd portion: head of pancreas
-3rd portion: abdominal Ao, IVC, uncinate process of pancreas, SMA and SMV.

19
Q

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) fx?

A

Monitoring, sensitive indicator of colorectal cancer recurrence.

20
Q

Crohn disease is characterized by

A

Patchy granulomatous inflam
Terminal Ileum involvement
Steatosis
Oxalate Kidney Stones

21
Q

Chronic mesenteric ischemia is characterized by

A

Postpandrial epigastric pain with food aversion or weight loss

22
Q

Chronic mesenteric ischemia is similar to stable cardiac angina because

A

Food absorption increases blood demand.
Physical exertion increases myocardial O2 demand.
Hypoperfusion in both cases causes pain.

23
Q

GERD is characterized by

A

-Heartburn, odynophagia, nocturnal cough, laringitis, wheezing
-Elongation of Lamina Propria Papillae, scattered neutros and eosinophils
-Decreased LES tone, gastroesophageal junction incompetence

24
Q

What can mod-severe burns cause ?

A

Consumption of adipose reserves. In the abdo the SMA is supported by mesenteric fat, when this is reduced it can compress the transverse portion of the duodenum (3rd)

25
What intestinal obstruction causes bilious vomit?
Obstruction of the 3rd duodenum
26
Reasons why the liver is a common metastatic place
-Fenestrated sinusoidal epithelium -Dual blood supply from portal systemic circulation.
27
Reasons why the liver is a common metastatic place
-Fenestrated sinusoidal epithelium -Dual blood supply from portal systemic circulation.
28
Cause of gallstones
Decrease bile acids and phospholipids
29
Chronic diarrhea, Pseudomonas infection, failure to thrive and family history of pulmonary infections is characteristic of ? What can help improve?
Cystic fibrosis Pancreatic lipase
30
Profuse mucoid diarrhea + Mass in sigmoid colon showing long glands with finger-like/velvety/cauliflower-like projections is typically associated to
Villous adenoma
31
Th1 (granuloma formation) and Th2 (inflam and damage ) are hallmarks of which IBD respectively?
Crohn’s and UC
32
Fistulas and abscesses are associated to which IBD?
Crohn’s (transmural inflam)
33
Bilirubin-induced neurologic disfx affects and causes
Basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei. Causes severe neonatal jaundice, distonic mov and gaze abnormalities
34
Which signs are triggered by hyperestrogenic state in cirrhosis?
Ginecomastia, spider angiomata
35
Features of Eosinophilic esophagitis ?
Th2 mediated, triggered by food antigens Food importation, intermittent dysphagia, reflux, vomiting History of atopic conditions Ring-like indentations in endoscopy