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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 1) > Neurology (01/28) Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Neurology (01/28) Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

dynamic balance between autonomic branches

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

autonomic nervous system that is responsible for: enhancing energy storage, decreasing cardiac output, decreasing blood pressure, increases gut peristalsis, salivation, pupillary constriction, and bladder contraction

A

parasympathetic

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3
Q

autonomic nervous system that is responsible for: energy needs to be expended, increase in heart rate, decrease in peristalsis, blood from gut to muscles, adrenal gland can dump EPINEPHRINE into circulation so widespread, long-lasting effects possible

A

sympathetic

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4
Q

the autonomic nervous system controls ______ activity

A

visceral

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5
Q

what are the three main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
  • enteric
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6
Q

what are the 4 similarities between the AUTONOMIC nervous system and the SOMATIC nervous system

A
  • visceral sensory fibers
  • ascending pathways
  • descending pathways control motor neurons
  • reflexes
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7
Q

what is the one major difference between the AUTONOMIC and SOMATIC nervous systems?

A

the autonomic nervous system’s efferents do not reach their targets directly (two neuron chain)

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8
Q

for the autonomic nervous system, the preganglionic cell body is in the _____ and the postganglionic neuron is in the ______

A
  • CNS

- ganglion

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9
Q

for both sympathetic and parasympathetics, the ______ fibers have thin myelin

A

preganglionic

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10
Q

for both sympathetic and parasympathetics, the _______ fibers are unmyelinated

A

postganglionic

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11
Q

sympathetic ganglia are located near the ____

A

CNS

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12
Q

parasympathetic ganglia are located near the _____ _____

A

innervated organ

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13
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic pathways?

A

Ach ( receptors are different for different pathways so they elicit a different response)

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14
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in the second sympathetic synapse and is not used in the parasympathetic pathway at all?

A

norepinephrine

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15
Q

between what vertebrae are is the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • T1-L2/3
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16
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system, the fibers travel in signal nerve to ______ , ______ , and ______

A
  • sympathetic chain
  • prevertebral ganglion
  • adrenal gland
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17
Q

in what two places are the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic system located?

A
  • brainstem

- sacral cord

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18
Q

in the parasympathetic system, the fibers travel in both _____ and ______ nerves

A
  • cranial

- sacral

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19
Q

where is the only place in the body that does not have parasympathetics?

A

limbs

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20
Q

what four cranial nerves carry parasympathetic information?

A
  • III
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
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21
Q

what does CN III carry parasympathetics to?

A

pupil sphincter and ciliary mm. (accommodation reflex)

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22
Q

what does CN VII carry parasympathetics to?

A

pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglion (submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal glands)

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23
Q

what does CN IX carry parasympathetics to?

A

otic ganglia (parotid gland)

24
Q

what does CN X carry parasympathetics to?

A

heart, lungs, lower esophagus, stomach, ascending and transverse colon, pancreas

25
Q

what is the location for the pre ganglion parasympathetic nerve cell bodies related to CN III?

A

edinger-westphal nucleus (located in midbrain)

26
Q

the ciliary m performs accommodation for what type of vision

A

near

27
Q

where are the two places that the CN VII terminates (places that are the location of postganglionic nerve cell bodies?)

A
  • pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal & nasal glands)

- submandibular ganglion (submandibular & sublingual gland)

28
Q

what is the location for the pre ganglion parasympathetic nerve cell bodies related to CN VII

A

superior salivatory nucleus (located in tegmentum of pons)

29
Q

what is the location for the pre ganglion parasympathetic nerve cell bodies related to CN IX?

A

inferior salivatory nucleus (located in medulla)

30
Q

where does the CN IX terminate?

A

otic ganglion (parotid gland)

31
Q

for CN X, where are the parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies serving the GI tract and gut found?

A

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

32
Q

for CN X, where are the parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies serving the heart found?

A

nucleus ambiguus

33
Q

where do the axons of CN X terminate? (location of postganglionic cell bodies)?

A

wall of the target tissue

34
Q

between what two vertebrae is sacral parasympathetic outflow occurring? (location of preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies)

A

S2-4, region of the lateral horn

35
Q

axons from the sacral parasympathetic outflow terminate in what? (location of postganglionic cell bodies)

A

wall of the target tissue (colon, bladder, uterus,,,,)

36
Q

what 4 places do parasympathetic POSTganglionic fibers in the head come from?

A
  • ciliary ganglion to iris (III)
  • pterygopalatine ganglion to lacrimal gland (VII)
  • submandibular ganglion to submandibular gland (VII)
  • otic ganglion to parotid gland (IX)
37
Q

for the sympathetic nervous system thoracolumbar division, the spinal cord levels ____ to _____ are the source of PREganglionic fibers

A
  • T1

- L2/3

38
Q

what 4 things could sympathetic PREganglionic fibers do after leaving the ventral root of the spinal cord?

A
  • synapse in nearest ganglion
  • ascend chain and synapse in superior cervical or middle cervical ganglia
  • descend and synapse in lumbar/sacral ganglia
  • traverse the chain and emerge as SPLANCHNIC NERVES
39
Q

another name for inferior cervical ganglion

A

stellate

40
Q

postganglionic fibers reach the head in what two ways?

A
  • cervical ganglia

- carotid plexus

41
Q

what is the preganglionic neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Ach

42
Q

what is the postganglionic neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Ach

43
Q

what is the preganglionic neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Ach

44
Q

what is the postganglionic neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

norepinephrine (AND Ach)

45
Q

for the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic nerve cell bodies located?

A

lateral horn between T1 and L2

46
Q

loss of sympathetic innervation to the face

A

horner syndrome

47
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of horner syndrome?

A
  • ptosis (eyelid droop)(superior tarsal m)
  • miosis (small pupil)
  • endophthalmos (apparent sunken eye)
  • anhydrosis (dry skin)
48
Q

characteristic of horner syndrome that involves eyelid droop

A

ptosis

49
Q

characteristic of horner syndrome that involves a small pupil

A

miosis

50
Q

characteristic of horner syndrome that involves apparent sunken eye

A

endopthalmos

51
Q

characteristic of horner syndrome that involves dry skin

A

anhydrosis

52
Q

congenital horner syndrome has the exact same characteristics as regular horner syndrome except that if it occurs before 2 years old the patient will experience _______ causing each eye to have a different colors

A

heterochromia

53
Q

pain from viscera that is perceived as arising from the surface and occurs when visceral structure is innervated by SAME cord level as the surface structure

A

referred pain

54
Q

what are three examples of referred pain?

A
  • heart pain during heart attack referred to chest wall or left arm
  • intestinal pain referred to anterior abdominal wall
  • labor pains referred to sacral area and back
55
Q

the enteric nervous system provides innervation for what 3 things?

A
  • intestinal tract
  • pancreas
  • gall bladder
56
Q

the enteric nervous system provides primary control of what two things?

A
  • motility

- secretion

57
Q

in reference to the enteric system, what are the two neural plexuses of the intestinal tract?

A
  • myenteric plexus (of Auerbach)

- submucous plexus (of Meissner)

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 1) (10 decks)

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