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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 1) > Histology (01/21) Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Histology (01/21) Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three functions of the nervous system?

A
  • gathers info (sensory input)
  • interprets sensory info (integration) and decides aciton
  • produces motor output which activate effector organs
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2
Q

cranial nerves, ganglia, and plexuses are all found in the ________ nervous system

A

peripheral

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3
Q

collection of axons found in the PERIPHERAL nervous system

A

nerve

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4
Q

main functional units of the nervous system, produce and transmit action potentials, cannot multiply or divide

A

neurons (nerve cells)

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5
Q

significantly outnumber neurons, provide structural support and insulation, do NOT general action potentials, CAN multiply and divide

A

neuroglia (supporting cells)

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6
Q

what are the three special characteristics of neurons?

A
  • extreme longevity
  • amitotic (most of them)
  • high metabolic rate (need large supply of oxygen and glucose)
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7
Q

the main function is the biosynthetic center of a neuron, always UNMYELINATED and no action potentials (makes stuff for the rest of the cell)

A

perikaryon (neuron cell body)

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8
Q

transport from cell body to axon terminal

A

anterograde

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9
Q

transport from axon terminal to cell body

A

retrograde

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10
Q

clumps of RER and ribosomes in cell body

A

nissl bodies

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11
Q

where action potentials are generated

A

axon hillock

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12
Q

main function is being the receptive or main input region of neuron (looks like little branches/spines)

A

dendrites

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13
Q

T/F a neuron can only have one dendrite?

A

false

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14
Q

main function is conducting region of neuron, as it generates action potentials (nerve impulses) and transmits them

A

axon

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15
Q

T/F a neuron can only have one axon

A

True

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16
Q

where are the two places that neurotransmitters can go after leaving the axon terminals

A
  • another neuron

- effector cell (muscle or gland)

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17
Q

place located in between myelin sheaths on an axon

A

node of ranvier

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18
Q

plasma membrane around the axon associates with ____ and _____ channels

A
  • Na+

- K+

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19
Q

plasma membrane around the axon terminals associates with _____ channels

A

Ca+

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20
Q

neurons with 3 or more processes

A

multipolar

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21
Q

neurons found between motor and sensory neurons

A

interneurons (associate neurons)

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22
Q

still have both a dendritic side and an axon terminal side but the cell body is only connected to the axon by a single process

A

unipolar neurons

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23
Q

what are the most common types of neurons?

A

multipolar

24
Q

what are the most rare types of neurons?

A

bipolar

25
Q

neuron type that is most abundant in the body and is the major type in the CNS
MOTOR NEURON

A

multipolar

26
Q

neuron type that is rare and are found in some special sensory organs (olfactory mucosa, eye)
SPECIAL SENSORY

A

bipolar

27
Q

neuron type found mainly in the PNS. common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
GENERAL SENSORY

A

unipolar

28
Q

synapse between axon terminal and dendrite

A

axodendritic

29
Q

synapse between axon terminal and cell body

A

axosomatic

30
Q

synapse between two axons

A

axoaxonic

31
Q

synapse between two dendrites

A

dendrodendritic

32
Q

synapse between dendrite and cell body

A

dendrosomatic

33
Q

what are the two most common types of synapses?

A
  • axodendritic

- axosomatic

34
Q

neuron carrying impulse/signal towards synapse

A

presynaptic neuron

35
Q

neuron carrying impulse/signal away from synapse

A

postsynaptic neuron (this can also be effector cell)

36
Q

in electrical synapses, axon potentials are transmitted between adjacent cells via ____ _____. this is seen often in the heart and is used to _____ cells

A
  • gap junctions

- synchronize

37
Q

slower than electrical synapses due to the transfer of electric signal to chemical and back to electric

A

chemical synapse

38
Q

what are the three ways in which a neurotransmitter can be removed from the postsynaptic receptor?

A
  • degradation by enzymes
  • reuptake by astrocytes or presynaptic terminal
  • diffusion away from synapse
39
Q

type of neuroglia that is most common in white matter (bc they are associated with myelin) they wrap around MULTIPLE axons

A

oligodendrocytes

40
Q

neuroglia that is most common in gray matter and is involved in controlling the ionic environment of the neurons

A

astrocytes

41
Q

type of neuroglia that line the ventricles in the brain (anywhere that there is space) and are part of the choroid plexus

A

ependymal cells

42
Q

type of neuroglia that is evenly distributed btw gray and white matter and is in charge of analyzing tissue for invading cells (immune defense)

A

microglia

43
Q

cells that produce the myelin sheath in the CNS (one to one ratio)

A

schwann cells

44
Q

matter composed primarily of myelinated axons and some neuroglia

A

white matter

45
Q

matter composed of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia (color is due to nissl bodies)

A

gray matter

46
Q

cluster of neuronal bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

47
Q

cluster of neuronal bodies in the CNS

A

nucleus

48
Q

bundle of neuronal axons in the PNS

A

nerve

49
Q

bundle of neuronal axons in the CNS

A

tract

50
Q

outter most tissue covering of nerves

A

epineurium

51
Q

innermost tissue covering of nerves

A

endoneurium

52
Q

tissue covering that surrounds each nerve fascicle

A

perineurium

53
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

54
Q

what are the two functions of the myelin sheath?

A
  • protect and electrically insulate axons from other axons

- increases speed of nerve impulse transmission

55
Q

what are the two things that rate of impulse depends on with reference to axons?

A
  • axon diameter (thicker goes quicker)

- myelination

56
Q

conduction via unmyelinated axons

A

continuous conduction

57
Q

conduction via myelinated axons

A

saltatory conduction

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 1) (10 decks)

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