Neurology (01/16) Brainstem Anatomy Flashcards
a long and thin artery that is clinically involved in strokes
anterior choroidal artery
what 4 things does the anterior choroidal artery supply
- optic tract
- choroid plexus
- deep structures (thalamus, hippocampus)
- cerebral peduncle (sometimes)
what are the three functions of the brainstem?
- conduit
- cranial nerves
- integrative functions
function of the brainstem where info goes to the cortex and spinal cord through the WHITE matter tracts of the brainstem
conduit
head’s versions of the spinal nerves but also nerves for taste, equilibrium, and eye mm
cranial nerves
function of the brainstem that deals with complex motor patterns and cardiorespiratory control
integrative functions
what are the three main subdivisions of the brainstem?
- medulla
- pons
- midbrain
the caudal end of the medulla is _____
closed
the rostral end of the medulla is _____
opened
what are the three areas of any brainstem level?
- tegmentum
- tectum
- stuff added onto anterior surface
the anterior fiber tract of the brainstem
corticospinal
the anteriolateral fiber tract of the brainstem
spinothalamic
where is the lemniscus of the brainstem located?
variable location
what 4 things are a part of the caudal medulla
- central canal
- graclie/cuneate nuclei and tracts
- internal articulate fibers from medial lemniscus
- pyramidal decussation
what 5 things are part of the rostral medualla
- fourth ventricle
- inferior olivary nuclei
- CN XII
- internal articulate fibers from IO to ICP
- pyramids
what 4 things are part of the caudal pons
- inferior cerebellum peduncle (mostly within cerebellum)
- middle cerebellar peduncle (attaches pons to cerebellum)
- ML: horizontal with with feet lateral
- fourth ventricle
what 3 things are part of the rostral pons
- superior cerebellar peduncle
- ML: horizontal with feet lateral, approaches STT
- small ventricle space (at opening of aqueduct)
what 3 things are part of the caudal midbrain
- inferior colliculi
- CN IV
- decussation of SCP
what 4 things are part of the rostral midbrain
- superior colliculi
- CN III
- red nucleus
- substantia nigra
the anterior and medial brainstem are supplied by _____ branches of arteries
perforating
circumferential arteries supply _____ brainstem and _____
- lateral
- cerebellum
nerves that deal with pain, temperature, mechanoreceptors
somatic sensory
nerves that deal with the GI tract and blood vessels
visceral sensory
nerves that deal with pregangionic autonomic
visceral motor
nerves that innervate skeletal muscle
somatic motor
what are the special sensory nerves used for?
- hearing
- equilibrium
special cranial nerve type that innervates muscles derived embryologically from pharyngeal arches (larynx, pharynx, jaw, and face)
branchial motor
does any one cranial nerve have all six types of axons?
no
what 4 cranial nerves have motor axons for somatic skeletal muscle and therefore somatic motor fibers
- 3
- 4
- 6
- 12
what 3 cranial nerves have special sensory fibers?
- 1
- 2
- 8
which 5 cranial nerves contain several components, all innervate branchial muscle so called branchiomeric nerves
- 5
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 11
