Neurology (01/16) Brainstem Anatomy

Question 1

a long and thin artery that is clinically involved in strokes

Answer 1

anterior choroidal artery

Question 2

what 4 things does the anterior choroidal artery supply

Answer 2

• optic tract
• choroid plexus
• deep structures (thalamus, hippocampus)
• cerebral peduncle (sometimes)

Question 3

what are the three functions of the brainstem?

Answer 3

• conduit
• cranial nerves
• integrative functions

Question 4

function of the brainstem where info goes to the cortex and spinal cord through the WHITE matter tracts of the brainstem

Answer 4

conduit

Question 5

head’s versions of the spinal nerves but also nerves for taste, equilibrium, and eye mm

Answer 5

cranial nerves

Question 6

function of the brainstem that deals with complex motor patterns and cardiorespiratory control

Answer 6

integrative functions

Question 7

what are the three main subdivisions of the brainstem?

Answer 7

• medulla
• pons
• midbrain

Question 8

the caudal end of the medulla is _____

Answer 8

closed

Question 9

the rostral end of the medulla is _____

Answer 9

opened

Question 10

what are the three areas of any brainstem level?

Answer 10

• tegmentum
• tectum
• stuff added onto anterior surface

Question 11

the anterior fiber tract of the brainstem

Answer 11

corticospinal

Question 12

the anteriolateral fiber tract of the brainstem

Answer 12

spinothalamic

Question 13

where is the lemniscus of the brainstem located?

Answer 13

variable location

Question 14

what 4 things are a part of the caudal medulla

Answer 14

• central canal
• graclie/cuneate nuclei and tracts
• internal articulate fibers from medial lemniscus
• pyramidal decussation

Question 15

what 5 things are part of the rostral medualla

Answer 15

• fourth ventricle
• inferior olivary nuclei
• CN XII
• internal articulate fibers from IO to ICP
• pyramids

Question 16

what 4 things are part of the caudal pons

Answer 16

• inferior cerebellum peduncle (mostly within cerebellum)
• middle cerebellar peduncle (attaches pons to cerebellum)
• ML: horizontal with with feet lateral
• fourth ventricle

Question 17

what 3 things are part of the rostral pons

Answer 17

• superior cerebellar peduncle
• ML: horizontal with feet lateral, approaches STT
• small ventricle space (at opening of aqueduct)

Question 18

what 3 things are part of the caudal midbrain

Answer 18

• inferior colliculi
• CN IV
• decussation of SCP

Question 19

what 4 things are part of the rostral midbrain

Answer 19

• superior colliculi
• CN III
• red nucleus
• substantia nigra

Question 20

the anterior and medial brainstem are supplied by _____ branches of arteries

Answer 20

perforating

Question 21

circumferential arteries supply _____ brainstem and _____

Answer 21

• lateral

- cerebellum

Question 22

nerves that deal with pain, temperature, mechanoreceptors

Answer 22

somatic sensory

Question 23

nerves that deal with the GI tract and blood vessels

Answer 23

visceral sensory

Question 24

nerves that deal with pregangionic autonomic

Answer 24

visceral motor

Question 25

nerves that innervate skeletal muscle

Answer 25

somatic motor

Question 26

what are the special sensory nerves used for?

Answer 26

• hearing

- equilibrium

Question 27

special cranial nerve type that innervates muscles derived embryologically from pharyngeal arches (larynx, pharynx, jaw, and face)

Answer 27

branchial motor

Question 28

does any one cranial nerve have all six types of axons?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what 4 cranial nerves have motor axons for somatic skeletal muscle and therefore somatic motor fibers

Answer 29

• 3
• 4
• 6
• 12

Question 30

what 3 cranial nerves have special sensory fibers?

Answer 30

• 1
• 2
• 8

Question 31

which 5 cranial nerves contain several components, all innervate branchial muscle so called branchiomeric nerves

Answer 31

• 5
• 7
• 9
• 10
• 11