Neurology (01/16) Brainstem Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

a long and thin artery that is clinically involved in strokes

A

anterior choroidal artery

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2
Q

what 4 things does the anterior choroidal artery supply

A
  • optic tract
  • choroid plexus
  • deep structures (thalamus, hippocampus)
  • cerebral peduncle (sometimes)
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3
Q

what are the three functions of the brainstem?

A
  • conduit
  • cranial nerves
  • integrative functions
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4
Q

function of the brainstem where info goes to the cortex and spinal cord through the WHITE matter tracts of the brainstem

A

conduit

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5
Q

head’s versions of the spinal nerves but also nerves for taste, equilibrium, and eye mm

A

cranial nerves

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6
Q

function of the brainstem that deals with complex motor patterns and cardiorespiratory control

A

integrative functions

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7
Q

what are the three main subdivisions of the brainstem?

A
  • medulla
  • pons
  • midbrain
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8
Q

the caudal end of the medulla is _____

A

closed

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9
Q

the rostral end of the medulla is _____

A

opened

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10
Q

what are the three areas of any brainstem level?

A
  • tegmentum
  • tectum
  • stuff added onto anterior surface
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11
Q

the anterior fiber tract of the brainstem

A

corticospinal

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12
Q

the anteriolateral fiber tract of the brainstem

A

spinothalamic

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13
Q

where is the lemniscus of the brainstem located?

A

variable location

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14
Q

what 4 things are a part of the caudal medulla

A
  • central canal
  • graclie/cuneate nuclei and tracts
  • internal articulate fibers from medial lemniscus
  • pyramidal decussation
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15
Q

what 5 things are part of the rostral medualla

A
  • fourth ventricle
  • inferior olivary nuclei
  • CN XII
  • internal articulate fibers from IO to ICP
  • pyramids
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16
Q

what 4 things are part of the caudal pons

A
  • inferior cerebellum peduncle (mostly within cerebellum)
  • middle cerebellar peduncle (attaches pons to cerebellum)
  • ML: horizontal with with feet lateral
  • fourth ventricle
17
Q

what 3 things are part of the rostral pons

A
  • superior cerebellar peduncle
  • ML: horizontal with feet lateral, approaches STT
  • small ventricle space (at opening of aqueduct)
18
Q

what 3 things are part of the caudal midbrain

A
  • inferior colliculi
  • CN IV
  • decussation of SCP
19
Q

what 4 things are part of the rostral midbrain

A
  • superior colliculi
  • CN III
  • red nucleus
  • substantia nigra
20
Q

the anterior and medial brainstem are supplied by _____ branches of arteries

A

perforating

21
Q

circumferential arteries supply _____ brainstem and _____

A
  • lateral

- cerebellum

22
Q

nerves that deal with pain, temperature, mechanoreceptors

A

somatic sensory

23
Q

nerves that deal with the GI tract and blood vessels

A

visceral sensory

24
Q

nerves that deal with pregangionic autonomic

A

visceral motor

25
nerves that innervate skeletal muscle
somatic motor
26
what are the special sensory nerves used for?
- hearing | - equilibrium
27
special cranial nerve type that innervates muscles derived embryologically from pharyngeal arches (larynx, pharynx, jaw, and face)
branchial motor
28
does any one cranial nerve have all six types of axons?
no
29
what 4 cranial nerves have motor axons for somatic skeletal muscle and therefore somatic motor fibers
- 3 - 4 - 6 - 12
30
what 3 cranial nerves have special sensory fibers?
- 1 - 2 - 8
31
which 5 cranial nerves contain several components, all innervate branchial muscle so called branchiomeric nerves
- 5 - 7 - 9 - 10 - 11