Neurological Viruses

Question 1

What vectors are involved in arthropod transmission?

Answer 1

Mosquitoes/Ticks

Question 2

What reservoirs are involved in arthropod transmission?

Answer 2

Birds/Small Mammals

Question 3

What family of Virus do Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus belong to?

Answer 3

Togaviridae

Question 4

What type of genomes do EEE and VEE have?

Answer 4

(+)ssRNA

Question 5

What type of virion do EE and VEE have?

Answer 5

Enveloped

Question 6

Where do surface proteins of EEE and VEE go before going to cell surface and meeting capsid proteins?

Answer 6

ER/Golgi

Question 7

When EEE and VEE Viruses replicate, what is unique?

Answer 7

They have an early and a late stage of replication. (Replication complex made in early stage)(Minue strand translated to form capsid proteins)

Question 8

What are EEE and VEE’s mechanism of infection?

Answer 8

Through bite of infected arthropod - Carried by Langerhans cells to LN - Replication and release into blood stream. Could potentially pass blood/brain barrier and enter CNS

Question 9

What are the symptoms of EEE & VEE?

Answer 9

Systemic disease - Chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

Question 10

What prevention measures are available for EEE and VEE?

Answer 10

No vaccine for humans
Veterinary vaccine for animals
Mosquito control/repellant

Question 11

What treatment is available for EEE and VEE?

Answer 11

No treatment - supportive care

Question 12

What percentage of West Nile Virus infections are asymptomatic?

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

What type of viral family does West Nile Virus belong to?

Answer 13

Flavaviridae

Question 14

When West Nile Virus is neruoinvasive, what happens?

Answer 14

Aseptic meningitis, encephalitic, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors.
50% of survivors have sequelase 12 months later

Question 15

How is west Nile Virus prevented?

Answer 15

No vaccine/treatment

Mosquito control/repellant

Question 16

What family does Rabies Virus belong to?

Answer 16

Rhadoviridae

Question 17

What type of genome do rabies viruses have?

Answer 17

(-)ssRNA

Question 18

What type of virion do Rabies viruses have?

Answer 18

Enveloped

Question 19

What shape does the rabies virus have?

Answer 19

Bullet-shaped

Question 20

What is unique about rabies virus replication?

Answer 20

Made in sequence - early genes are made in greater quantities.

Question 21

What type of tropism does rabies virus have?

Answer 21

Broad tropism (can infect a broad array of animals/humans)

Question 22

How does rabies virus spread once ingested?

Answer 22

Gradually moves from bite site to CNS. Moves passively through nervous system. Also spread back to salivary glands.

Question 23

What are some symptoms of Rabies virus?

Answer 23

Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache, hydrophobia, cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia

Question 24

What is the mortality rate of Rabies infections?

Answer 24

Once symptoms appear, it is almost always fatal.

Question 25

How are Rabies Viruses treated?

Answer 25

Vaccine can be administered immediately after bites

Animals should also be vaccinated preemptively.