Neurological Viruses Flashcards
What vectors are involved in arthropod transmission?
Mosquitoes/Ticks
What reservoirs are involved in arthropod transmission?
Birds/Small Mammals
What family of Virus do Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus belong to?
Togaviridae
What type of genomes do EEE and VEE have?
(+)ssRNA
What type of virion do EE and VEE have?
Enveloped
Where do surface proteins of EEE and VEE go before going to cell surface and meeting capsid proteins?
ER/Golgi
When EEE and VEE Viruses replicate, what is unique?
They have an early and a late stage of replication. (Replication complex made in early stage)(Minue strand translated to form capsid proteins)
What are EEE and VEE’s mechanism of infection?
Through bite of infected arthropod - Carried by Langerhans cells to LN - Replication and release into blood stream. Could potentially pass blood/brain barrier and enter CNS
What are the symptoms of EEE & VEE?
Systemic disease - Chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia
What prevention measures are available for EEE and VEE?
No vaccine for humans
Veterinary vaccine for animals
Mosquito control/repellant
What treatment is available for EEE and VEE?
No treatment - supportive care
What percentage of West Nile Virus infections are asymptomatic?
80%
What type of viral family does West Nile Virus belong to?
Flavaviridae
When West Nile Virus is neruoinvasive, what happens?
Aseptic meningitis, encephalitic, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors.
50% of survivors have sequelase 12 months later
How is west Nile Virus prevented?
No vaccine/treatment
Mosquito control/repellant
What family does Rabies Virus belong to?
Rhadoviridae
What type of genome do rabies viruses have?
(-)ssRNA
What type of virion do Rabies viruses have?
Enveloped
What shape does the rabies virus have?
Bullet-shaped
What is unique about rabies virus replication?
Made in sequence - early genes are made in greater quantities.
What type of tropism does rabies virus have?
Broad tropism (can infect a broad array of animals/humans)
How does rabies virus spread once ingested?
Gradually moves from bite site to CNS. Moves passively through nervous system. Also spread back to salivary glands.
What are some symptoms of Rabies virus?
Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache, hydrophobia, cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia
What is the mortality rate of Rabies infections?
Once symptoms appear, it is almost always fatal.
How are Rabies Viruses treated?
Vaccine can be administered immediately after bites
Animals should also be vaccinated preemptively.
