Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
What are Hepatitis Viruses?
Viruses that specifically target the liver
Which Hepatitis Viruses are fecal-orally transmitted?
HAV, HEV
Which Hepatitis Viruses are primarilly sexually transmitted?
HBV, HCV, HDV
Which Hepatitis Viruses are common in the US?
Hepatitis A, B, and C
What virus is Hepatitis A similar to?
Poliovirus (Picornovirus)
What family does Hepatitis B virus belong to?
Hepadnaviridae
What type of genome does Hepatitis B have?
dsDNA
What type of virion does Hepatitis B have?
Enveloped
What virus has the smalled genome of the human viruses?
Hepatitis B
What is odd about the replication of Hepatitis B Virus?
Genome has an RNA intermediate after entering the nucleus.
It also produces many empty particles that do not contain genome.
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis B?
Genereal malaise, anorexia, comiting, fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness. Eventually Jaundice
Chronic Hepatitis B disease can lead to?
Cirrhosis of the liver which increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
How is Hepatitis B prevented?
Recombinant vaccination is available (requires multiple innoculations - injection of synthesized viral particles)
How is chronic Hepatitis B treated?
Interferon-alpha therapy.
What is Hepatitis D Virus?
Subviral agent.
Requires active HBV infection
What family does Hepatitis C Virus belong to?
Flaviviridae
What type of genome does Hepatitis C have?
(+)ssRNA
What type of virion does Hepatitis C have?
Enveloped
How does translation occur in Hepatitis C virus?
Ribosomes recognise Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES)
How does Hepatitis C Virus differ from Hepatitis B Virus?
It is typically milder than HBV but chronic infections occur in approximately 80% of infections
How is Hepatitis A contracted?
Fecally contaminated food or water - absorbed through intestine and moves to liver via portal system
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis A virus?
Maliase, anorexia, vomiting, and jaundice
What other Hepatitis strain is Hepatitis E virus similar to? How do these two differ?
Hepatitis A - but it is life threatening to pregnant women.
What is the incubation time for HAV?
15-40 days
What is the incubation time for HBV?
60-180 days
What is the incubation time for HCV?
60-120 days
What is the incubation time for HDV?
60-180 days
What is the incubation time for HEV?
21-42 days
Which Hepatitis strains are capable of chronic infections?
HBV (5%) HCV (80%) and HDV
Which Hepatitis strains are enveloped? Non enveloped?
Enveloped - B/C/D
Non-Enveloped - A/E
What are the genomes of the different hepatitis strains?
A - (+)ssRNA B - Circular dsDNA C - (+)ssRNA D - (-)ssRNA E - (+)ssRNA
