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Micro Final > Herpes and Pappillomavirus > Flashcards

Herpes and Pappillomavirus Flashcards

1
Q

What type of genome do Herpes and Papillomavirus have?

A

dsDNA

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2
Q

What type of herpes virus causes oral herpes? How common is it? What is the outcome?

A

Usually type 1. Very Common. Resolution (but stays in body)

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3
Q

What type of herpes virus causes genital herpes? How common is it? What is the outcome?

A

Usually type 2. Common. Resolution (but stays in body)

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4
Q

How is HSV-1 transfered?

A

Oral-oral (SOMETIMES oral-genital)

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5
Q

How is HSV-2 transfered?

A

Primarily genital-genital (oral-genital also possible)

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6
Q

Symptoms of HSV?

A

Flu-like, includes localized lesions (virus spreading to neighboring cells)

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7
Q

How does HSV stay in the cell?

A

Genome circularizes and stays as an episome in the nucleus

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8
Q

What is a common site of latent HSV infections?

A

Peripheral ganglia

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9
Q

What type of immune response is required to battle HSV?

A

Cell mediated immune response (people unable to produce antibodies can still handle herpesvirus infections)

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10
Q

How does HSV counteract the immune response?

A

Viral proteins bind antibodies and complement proteins. Also counter the effects of interferon

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11
Q

What treatment options are available for HSV?

A

Acyclovir can limit virus replication (no effect on the latent infection)

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12
Q

What is a typical betaherpesvirus?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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13
Q

What are some key characteristics of betaherpesvirus?

A

Restricted host range, long reproductive cycle, slow progression in cell culture, enlargement of infected cells, carrier cultures, latent infection in a variety of tissues.

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14
Q

What are some key characteristics of gammaherpesvirus?

A

Restricted host range, targets T & B lymphocytes, lytic infections, latency in lymphoid tissues

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15
Q

What is the prototypical member of gammaherpesviruses?

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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16
Q

What type of disease do Beta/gammaherpesvirus disease commonly cause?

A

Mononucleosis

17
Q

In equatorial Africa, what type of disease does Epstein Barr virus typically cause in children?

A

Burkett’s lymphoma. Tumor in jaw, eye socket, ovaries

18
Q

What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma caused by?

A

Caused by Beta/gammaherpesvirus (specifically EBV)

19
Q

What are intrinsic immune evasion tactics of herpes viruses?

A

Inside the cell. Block cell death/inhibit apoptosis

20
Q

What are innate immune evasion tactics of herpes viruses?

A

Decrease NK cell activity and inhibit NK receptor activation

21
Q

What are adaptive immune evasion tactics on herpes viruses?

A
  1. Decreased antigen presentation, 2. Degrade MHC class I and II, 3. Blocks MHC class II and T-cell receptor Interactions
22
Q

What is the only type of Herpes virus that does not have innate immune evasion tactics?

A

EBV does not decrease NK cell activity or inhibit NK receptor activation.

23
Q

What is a persistant infection?

A

Viral cells are constantly reproducing and host immune system is suppressing it. Differs from latency in that there is a rest period with a latent infection

24
Q

What treatment options are available for Beta/gammaherpesvirus?

A
  1. Passive transfer of antibodies for prevention of CMV infection, 2. Trasfer of EBV-specific T-lymphocytes, 3. Antiviral Therapy - Prophylactic or preemtive treatment
25
Q

What family of viruses does HPV belong to?

A

Papillomaviridae

26
Q

What type of genome does HPV have?

A

circular dsDNA

27
Q

What type of virion does HPV have?

A

non-enveloped

28
Q

Where does HPV establish an infection?

A

Basal layer of skin

29
Q

What does HPV require from host cell?

A

Polymerase in differentiating cells

30
Q

How is HPV spread?

A

It is non-lytic, so virus is released with dead cell shedding

31
Q

How does HPV enter a host?

A

Direct skin-to-skin contact; Mucous membranes are more suseptible; Enters through abrasions

32
Q

What can be a complication of HPV?

A

HPV can lead to cervical cancer.

33
Q

How does HPV cause cervical cancer?

A

E7 blocks Rb protein leading to continued cell proliferation; E6 blocks p53 tumor suppressor pathway_.Note: actual path is unknown

34
Q

What types of HPV are most responsible for cervical cancer?

A

HPV16 and HPV18

35
Q

What prevention is possible for HPV?

A

Vaccination - Gardasil (Merck) protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18; No proof that condoms reduce risk

Micro Final (13 decks)

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