Herpes and Pappillomavirus

Question 1

What type of genome do Herpes and Papillomavirus have?

Answer 1

dsDNA

Question 2

What type of herpes virus causes oral herpes? How common is it? What is the outcome?

Answer 2

Usually type 1. Very Common. Resolution (but stays in body)

Question 3

What type of herpes virus causes genital herpes? How common is it? What is the outcome?

Answer 3

Usually type 2. Common. Resolution (but stays in body)

Question 4

How is HSV-1 transfered?

Answer 4

Oral-oral (SOMETIMES oral-genital)

Question 5

How is HSV-2 transfered?

Answer 5

Primarily genital-genital (oral-genital also possible)

Question 6

Symptoms of HSV?

Answer 6

Flu-like, includes localized lesions (virus spreading to neighboring cells)

Question 7

How does HSV stay in the cell?

Answer 7

Genome circularizes and stays as an episome in the nucleus

Question 8

What is a common site of latent HSV infections?

Answer 8

Peripheral ganglia

Question 9

What type of immune response is required to battle HSV?

Answer 9

Cell mediated immune response (people unable to produce antibodies can still handle herpesvirus infections)

Question 10

How does HSV counteract the immune response?

Answer 10

Viral proteins bind antibodies and complement proteins. Also counter the effects of interferon

Question 11

What treatment options are available for HSV?

Answer 11

Acyclovir can limit virus replication (no effect on the latent infection)

Question 12

What is a typical betaherpesvirus?

Answer 12

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 13

What are some key characteristics of betaherpesvirus?

Answer 13

Restricted host range, long reproductive cycle, slow progression in cell culture, enlargement of infected cells, carrier cultures, latent infection in a variety of tissues.

Question 14

What are some key characteristics of gammaherpesvirus?

Answer 14

Restricted host range, targets T & B lymphocytes, lytic infections, latency in lymphoid tissues

Question 15

What is the prototypical member of gammaherpesviruses?

Answer 15

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 16

What type of disease do Beta/gammaherpesvirus disease commonly cause?

Answer 16

Mononucleosis

Question 17

In equatorial Africa, what type of disease does Epstein Barr virus typically cause in children?

Answer 17

Burkett’s lymphoma. Tumor in jaw, eye socket, ovaries

Question 18

What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma caused by?

Answer 18

Caused by Beta/gammaherpesvirus (specifically EBV)

Question 19

What are intrinsic immune evasion tactics of herpes viruses?

Answer 19

Inside the cell. Block cell death/inhibit apoptosis

Question 20

What are innate immune evasion tactics of herpes viruses?

Answer 20

Decrease NK cell activity and inhibit NK receptor activation

Question 21

What are adaptive immune evasion tactics on herpes viruses?

Answer 21

1. Decreased antigen presentation, 2. Degrade MHC class I and II, 3. Blocks MHC class II and T-cell receptor Interactions

Question 22

What is the only type of Herpes virus that does not have innate immune evasion tactics?

Answer 22

EBV does not decrease NK cell activity or inhibit NK receptor activation.

Question 23

What is a persistant infection?

Answer 23

Viral cells are constantly reproducing and host immune system is suppressing it. Differs from latency in that there is a rest period with a latent infection

Question 24

What treatment options are available for Beta/gammaherpesvirus?

Answer 24

1. Passive transfer of antibodies for prevention of CMV infection, 2. Trasfer of EBV-specific T-lymphocytes, 3. Antiviral Therapy - Prophylactic or preemtive treatment

Question 25

What family of viruses does HPV belong to?

Answer 25

Papillomaviridae

Question 26

What type of genome does HPV have?

Answer 26

circular dsDNA

Question 27

What type of virion does HPV have?

Answer 27

non-enveloped

Question 28

Where does HPV establish an infection?

Answer 28

Basal layer of skin

Question 29

What does HPV require from host cell?

Answer 29

Polymerase in differentiating cells

Question 30

How is HPV spread?

Answer 30

It is non-lytic, so virus is released with dead cell shedding

Question 31

How does HPV enter a host?

Answer 31

Direct skin-to-skin contact; Mucous membranes are more suseptible; Enters through abrasions

Question 32

What can be a complication of HPV?

Answer 32

HPV can lead to cervical cancer.

Question 33

How does HPV cause cervical cancer?

Answer 33

E7 blocks Rb protein leading to continued cell proliferation; E6 blocks p53 tumor suppressor pathway_.Note: actual path is unknown

Question 34

What types of HPV are most responsible for cervical cancer?

Answer 34

HPV16 and HPV18

Question 35

What prevention is possible for HPV?

Answer 35

Vaccination - Gardasil (Merck) protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18; No proof that condoms reduce risk