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NBCOT > Neurological System Disorders (Ch7) > Flashcards

Neurological System Disorders (Ch7) Flashcards

1
Q

Stage of Parkinson’s: confined to wheelchair or bed, maximally assisted

A

Stage V

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2
Q

myelinated nerve fibers located centrally

A

white matter

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3
Q

paralysis of the upper brachial plexus, resulting in the “waiter’s tip” position

A

Erb’s palsy

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4
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? emotion

A

right

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5
Q

contain cell bodies that give rise to efferent (motor) neurons

A

anterior horns

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6
Q

manifested by loss of voluntary, but preservation of reflexive eye movements, bradykinesia, rigidity, axial dystonia, pseudobulbar palsy, and dementia

A

progressive supranuclear palsy

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7
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? visual reception from right field

A

left

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8
Q

acute, rapidly progressive form of polyneuropathy characterized by symmetric muscular weakness and mild distal sensory loss; onset of recovery is 2-4 weeks after 1st symptoms; may be accompanied by respiratory failure and dysphagia

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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9
Q

MACS Level: handles objects easily and successfully

A

I

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10
Q

MACS Level: does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions

A

V

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11
Q

GMFCS Level: walks with assistive mobility devices; limitations walking outdoors and in the community

A

III

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12
Q

tracts that are important for voluntary motor control

A

corticospinal tracts

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13
Q

contain afferent (sensory) neurons

A

posterior horns

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14
Q

masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres; involved in motor planning

A

basal ganglia

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15
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? visual spatial processing

A

right

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16
Q

MACS Level: handles objects with difficulty; needs help to prepare and/or modify activities

A

III

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17
Q

variant of Duchenne muscular dystrophy that is slower to progress, less severe, and less predictable

A

Becker muscular dystrophy

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18
Q

how many thoracic vertebra are there?

A

12

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19
Q

if a patient with spina bifida presents with enlarged head, severe headache, vomiting, and/or irritability, what does this indicate?

A

shunt malfunction

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20
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? interpretation of abstract information

A

right

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21
Q

type of muscular dystrophy that involves the face, upper arms, and scapular region, causing masking, weakness, decreased facial mobility, and inability to lift arms above shoulder level; progresses slowly and rarely affects life expectancy

A

fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

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22
Q

a hypokinetic CNS movement disorder that is idiopathic, slowly progressive, and degenerative; begins with a resting “pill-rolling” tremor of one hand

A

parkinson’s disease

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23
Q

Presence of weakness, deformities, and associated joint contractures; position of rest for the UE tends to be IR of the shoulders, elbow extension, wrist flexion, hip flexion and IR, clubfeet

A

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

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24
Q

a lesion of the motor cortex will result in spasticity with flexor and extensor imbalance, which can be expressed as hypertonia or hyperreflexia

A

spastic cerebral palsy

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25
Q

Symptoms are onset of weakness, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, cold intolerance, atrophy, and loss of functional skills 15 years after recovery from Polio

A

Post-Polio Syndrome

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26
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? verbal memory

A

left

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27
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? movement of right side of body

A

left

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28
Q

protrusion of a sac through the spine, containing CSF and meninges as well as the spinal cord or nerve roots

A

spina bifida with myelomeningocele

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29
Q

GMFCS Level: self-mobility with limitations; children are transported or use power mobility outdoors and in the community

A

IV

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30
Q

a bony malformation with separation of vertebral arches of one or more vertebrae with no external manifestations; may not be discovered until late childhood

A

spinal bifida occulta

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31
Q

increased cranial pressure results in a portion of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata slipping down through the foramen magnum to the cervical spinal cord

A

Arnold-Chiari Syndrome

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32
Q

What Rancho Level is: purposeful, appropriate, stand-by assist on request?

A

IX

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33
Q

how many sacral vertebra are there?

A

5

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34
Q

an exposed pouch comprised of the spinal fluid and meninges; does not include the spinal cord

A

spina bifida cystica

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35
Q

how many cervical vertebra are there?

A

7

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36
Q

brief, rapid, involuntary movements, often resembling fragments of normal motor behavior; tend to be stereotyped and repetitive but not rhythmic

A

tics

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37
Q

If imaging shows degeneration in dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia, primarily in the substantia nigra, what disorder is present?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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38
Q

tracts that convey deep and chronic pain

A

spinoreticular tracts

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39
Q

caused by flexion injuries; symptoms are loss of motor function, pain, pinprick, and temperature sensation bilaterally below level of injury; proprioception and light touch are preserved

A

anterior cord syndrome

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40
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? processing sensory information from right side of body

A

left

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41
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? attention to incoming stimuli

A

right

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42
Q

delineates five levels of functional motor performance for children aged 6-12 years

A

Gross Motor Functional Classification System

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43
Q

abnormal, tangled collections of dilated blood vessels that result from congenitally malformed vascular structures

A

cerebral arteriovenous malformation

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44
Q

secretes hormones that influence the pituitary gland and several other organs; influences circadian rhythm

A

pineal gland

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45
Q

increased muscle tone

A

hypertonia

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46
Q

primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation

A

precentral gyrus

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47
Q

what is the Glasgow Coma Score of someone in a severe coma?

A

< 8

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48
Q

GMFCS Level: walks without restrictions; limitations in more advanced gross motor skills

A

I

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49
Q

What Rancho Level is: generalized response, total assist

A

II

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50
Q

Where was this stroke? Contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopsia, aphasia, apraxia, spatial dysfunction

A

middle cerebral artery

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51
Q

involves the upper and lower extremity on the same side

A

hemiplegia

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52
Q

describes a lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements; may appear as clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability; movements may appear disjointed or jerky

A

ataxia

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53
Q

characterized by choreiform movements, progressive intellectual deterioration, and psychiatric disturbance

A

Huntington’s Chorea

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54
Q

Stage of Parkinson’s: worsening of symptoms, first signs of impaired righting reflexes, onset of disability in ADL performance, can lead independent life

A

Stage III

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55
Q

integrates and relays sensory information from the body and relays motor information from the cerebellum

A

thalamus

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56
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? nonverbal memory

A

right

57
Q

Symptoms are: paresthesias in extremities, trunk, or face; weakness or clumsiness, visual disturbances, emotional disturbances, balance loss or vertigo, bladder dysfunction, cognitive symptoms, spasticity, ataxia

A

MS

58
Q

receives and processes auditory stimuli

A

temporal lobe

59
Q

slowly progressive CNS disease characterized by patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord

A

Multiple Sclerosis

60
Q

symptoms of this disorder include: tremor, rigidity, velocity-independent resistance to passive motion, akinesia, postural instability, festinating gait, falling backwards or forwards, mask face, micrographia

A

Parkinson’s disease

61
Q

involves the lower extremities

A

paraplegia

62
Q

injury that results in ipsilateral: paralysis, loss of position sense, loss of discriminative touch, and contralateral: loss of pain and thermal sense

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

63
Q

What Rancho Level is: automatic, appropriate, min assist for daily living skills?

A

VII

64
Q

genetic, intrauterine, and or environmental factors contribute to the failure of the spinal column’s vertebral arches to fully form to enclose and protect the neural tube

A

spina bifida

65
Q

progressive disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by episodic muscle weakness, ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, fluctuating symptoms

A

myasthenia gravis

66
Q

integrates and controls the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system; maintains body homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

67
Q

brief, purposeless, involuntary movements of the distal extremities and face; usually considered to be a manifestation of dopamingergic overactivity in the basal ganglia

A

chorea

68
Q

paralysis of the lower brachial plexus resulting in paralysis of the hand and wrist

A

Klumpke’s Palsy

69
Q

motor neuron disease characterized by progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, occurring at an average age of 57

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

70
Q

receives and processes visual stimuli

A

occipital lobe

71
Q

results from hyperextension injuries and presents as more UE deficits versus LE

A

central cord syndrome

72
Q

spasmodic involuntary movements which are more proximal than distal and a lack of cocontractions

A

chorea

73
Q

GMFCS Level: self-mobility is severely limited, even with the use of assistive technology

A

V

74
Q

involuntary, nonrepetitive, but occasionally stereotyped movements affecting distal, proximal, and axial musculature in varying combinations; usually representative of basal ganglia disorders

A

dyskinesias

75
Q

Where was this stroke? homonymous hemianopsia, thalamic pain, hemisensory loss, or alexia

A

posterior cerebral artery

76
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? interpretation of tonal inflections

A

right

77
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? left motor praxis

A

right

78
Q

symptoms include: loss of motor function of the hips, thighs, pelvic area, and shoulders; enlarged calves; cardiac involvement

A

Becker muscular dystrophy

79
Q

What Rancho Level is: confused, inappropriate, non-agitated, max assist?

A

V

80
Q

These are symptoms of what? difficulties with bowel and bladder control, gait disturbances, and/or deformities of the feet, low back pain, scoliosis may result

A

tethered cord syndrome

81
Q

a brief, rapid contraction of a muscle or group of muscles

A

myoclonus

82
Q

regulates muscle tone, equilibrium, posture, voluntary movement

A

cerebellum

83
Q

Stage of Parkinson’s: unilateral tremor, rigidity, akinesia, minimal or no functional impairment

A

Stage I

84
Q

what is indicated for spina bifida if there is increased intracranial pressure?

A

a shunt

85
Q

categorizes levels of manual ability performance for children with cerebral palsy

A

Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)

86
Q

symptoms include: muscle weakness and atrophy, spasticity, dysarthria, dysphagia; prognosis is usually 2-5 years

A

ALS

87
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? speech

A

left

88
Q

What Rancho Level is: purposeful, appropriate, stand-by assist?

A

VIII

89
Q

What scale allows for diagnosis of the stage of disease progression with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Hoehn and Yahr’s five-stage scale

90
Q

what is the Glasgow Coma Score of someone with a moderate coma?

A

9-12

91
Q

Stage of Parkinson’s: requires help with some or all ADL, unable to live alone without some assistance, able to walk and stand unaided

A

Stage IV

92
Q

excessive or inadequate muscle tone

A

dystonia

93
Q

MACS Level: handles most objects but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

A

II

94
Q

basic functions include feeding, aggression, emotions, endocrine aspects of sexual response, LTM formation

A

limbic system

95
Q

What Rancho Level is: confused, appropriate, moderate assist?

A

VI

96
Q

receives fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain, and temperature sensations from opposite side of body

A

parietal lobe

97
Q

increased intensity of reflex responses

A

hyperreflexia

98
Q

injury results in proprioceptive loss, but pain, temperature, and touch are preserved

A

posterior cord syndrome

99
Q

Type of muscular dystrophy that progresses slowly and initially affects the proximal muscles of the pelvis and shoulder

A

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

100
Q

Where was this stroke? dysarthria, dysphagia, emotional instability, tetraplegia

A

vertebrobasilar system

101
Q

tracts that convey proprioception information

A

spinocerebellar tracts

102
Q

tracts that are important for control of muscle tone, postural reflexes

A

vestibulospinal tracts

103
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? bilateral motor praxis

A

left

104
Q

writhing involuntary movements which are more distal than proximal

A

athetosis

105
Q

caused by an injury and/or disease prior to, during, or shortly after birth resulting in brain damage and secondary neurological and muscular deficits

A

CP

106
Q

what is normal CSF pressure?

A

70-180mm/H20

107
Q

characterized by ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, hypotonia, movement decomposition tremor, dysarthria, and nystagmus

A

cerebellar disorders

108
Q

What Rancho Level is: purposeful, appropriate, modified independent?

A

X

109
Q

a lesion in the basal ganglia results in fluctuations in muscle tone, resulting in dystonia, athetosis, and chorea

A

dyskinetic cerebral palsy

110
Q

involves less UE involvement and greater LE functional impairment

A

diplegia

111
Q

tracts that convey sensations of pain, temperature, and crude touch

A

spinothalamic tracts

112
Q

What Rancho Level is: no response, total assist?

A

I

113
Q

usually characterized by involuntary flinging motions of the extremities; movements are often violent and have wide amplitudes of motions; continuous and random, involving proximal and/or distal muscles on one side of the body

A

hemiballismus

114
Q

MACS Level: handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adapted situations

A

IV

115
Q

injury of the sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots resulting in LE motor and sensory loss, areflexic bowel and bladder

A

conus medullaris

116
Q

symptoms include pseudohypertrophy, weakness of the proximal joints resulting in significant functional mobility impairments, weakness in involuntary muscles, behavioral and learning difficulties, delayed speech

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

117
Q

progressive, most common muscular dystrophy that is sex-linked

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

118
Q

a lesion in the cerebellum results in hypotonia and ataxic movments characterized by lack of stability so coactivation is difficult, resulting in more primitive total patterns of movement

A

ataxic cerebral palsy

119
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? processing of nonverbal auditory information

A

right

120
Q

what is the Glasgow Coma Score of a fully conscious person?

A

15

121
Q

GMFCS Level: walks without assistive devices; limitations in walking outdoors and in the community

A

II

122
Q

With this diagnosis, the child may present with primitive reflexes, automatic reactions, hyperresponsive reflexes, clonus, variable tone, asymmetry, involuntary movements, feeding difficulties, cognitive, and other developmental delays

A

CP

123
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? processing of verbal auditory information

A

left

124
Q

results in sustained abnormal postures and disruptions of ongoing movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone

A

dystonia

125
Q

controls emotions, judgment, higher order cognitive functions such as ideation and abstraction

A

prefrontal cortex

126
Q

weakness of the voluntary muscles of the shoulders, hips, thighs, and upper back which can result in spinal curvatures; muscles for breathing and swallowing can be affected

A

spinal muscular atrophy

127
Q

Where was this stroke? contralateral hemiplegia, grasp reflex, incontinence, confusion, apathy, or mutism

A

anterior cerebral artery

128
Q

which cerebral hemisphere does this? bilateral auditory reception

A

left

129
Q

rhythmic, alternating, oscillatory movements produced by repetitive patterns of muscle contraction and relaxation

A

tremor

130
Q

how many lumbar vertebra are there?

A

5

131
Q

injury at the L1 level and below resulting in a lower motor neuron lesion; flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity; areflexic bowel and bladder

A

cauda equina syndrome

132
Q

What Rancho Level is: confused/agitated, max assist

A

IV

133
Q

primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

A

postcentral gyrus

134
Q

what is the Glasgow Coma Score of someone in a deep coma or death?

A

3

135
Q

What Rancho Level is: localized response, total assist

A

III

136
Q

These are symptoms of what? sensory and motor deficits occurring below the level of the lesion, potentially resulting in LE paralysis and/or deformities, bowel and bladder incontinence, decubitus ulcer and DVT

A

spina bifida myelomeningocele

137
Q

Stage of Parkinson’s: bilateral tremor, rigidity, or akinesia, with or without axial signs, independent with ADL, no balance impairment

A

Stage II

138
Q

what is the average age of diagnosis of muscular dystrophy?

A

5

NBCOT (14 decks)

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