Neurological Disorders: Sensory Flashcards
What are nociceptors?
respond to chemical, mechanical, thermal stimuli
What are A-Delta?
medium, myelinated, sharp pain
rapidly
What are C-fibers?
small, not myelinated, dull pain
slowly
What are the 8 steps of pain transmission?
- stimulus
- A-Delta and C-Fibers
- spinal cord
- brain stem
- mid-brain
- thalamus
- cerebral cortex
- pain perception
acute pain lasts…
up to 3 months
chronic pain lasts…
beyond 3 months
neuropathic pain?
increased sensitivity due to abnormal processing
Hyperthermia process in 5 steps?
- pyrogen
- cytokines released during inflammation to reset thermoset of hypothalamus
- heat conservation measures
- fever breaks
- cooling measures
What is a fever-producing agent called?
pyrogen
Hyperthermia process in 4 steps?
- cold environment decreases thermostat in hypothalamus
- lowers metabolic demands
- vasoconstriction and tissue hypoxia
- SEVERE: ice crystals form in cells, cells rupture, necrosis
Strabismus?
lazy eye
Nystagmus?
involuntary jerky, back and forth motion
Scotoma?
central blind spot (can see peripherally)
Papilledema?
obstruction of blood flow or edema that causes blurred vision or blindness
Glaucoma?
increase in intraoccqular pressure due to aqueous humor accumulation that could lead to blurred vision or blindness
Cataract?
clouding of lens by proteins or glucose
Retinal detachment?
black spots and lines
Presbyopia?
can’t accomodate to near vision
Myopia?
nearsightedness
Hyperopia?
farsightedness
Astigmatism?
blurred at any distance
Conductive hearing loss?
obstruction of path of sound
Sensorineural hearing loss?
defects in organ of Corti (receptors) or neural pathways
Functional hearing loss?
appears not to hear (psychological)
Vertigo?
disturbance of equilibrium
Meniere’s Disease?
degenerative disease of vestibular apparatus that cause swelling of fluid sacs and tinnitus
What is tinnitus?
ringing in ears
