Blood Disorders

Question 1

What are the 3 anemia serum changes?

Answer 1

1. decreased # of RBC
2. decreased Hgb
3. decreased Hct

Question 2

What is another name for iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 2

microcytic-hypochromic anemia

Question 3

What is the most common form of anemia?

Answer 3

iron-deficiency anemia

Question 4

What are the 4 causes of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 4

1. insufficient dietary intake
2. impaired absorption
3. excessive iron demand
4. chronic blood loss

Question 5

What is the patho of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 5

Hgb and myoglobin synthesis is impaired = decreased RBC oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 6

What are the 5 manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 6

1. pale skin and mucous membranes
2. fatigue, muscle weakness
3. dyspnea
4. palpitations, chest pain
5. brittle, thin, coarsely ridged, spoon-shaped nails

Question 7

What is another name for pernicious anemia?

Answer 7

macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 8

What are the 2 causes of pernicious anemia?

Answer 8

1. vitamin B12 deficiency
2. intrinsic factor deficiency

Question 9

What is another name for vitamin B12?

Answer 9

cobalamin

Question 10

What is the patho of pernicious anemia?

Answer 10

impaired erythropoiesis = decreased O2 = demyelination = decreased neurotransmission

Question 11

What are the 6 manifestations of pernicious anemia?

Answer 11

1. GI inflammation
2. fatigue, muscle weakness
3. numbness, tingling, decreased reflexes
4. sore tongue
5. jaundiced skin
6. splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, CHF

Question 12

What is another name for folate deficiency anemia?

Answer 12

macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 13

What are the 3 causes of folate deficiency anemia?

Answer 13

1. alcoholism (common)
2. fad diets
3. low vegetable intake

Question 14

Where is folate stored in the body?

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

What is the patho of folate deficiency anemia?

Answer 15

decreased erythropoiesis

Question 16

What are the 5 manifestations of folate deficiency anemia?

Answer 16

1. cheilosis
2. stomatitis
3. oral ulcers
4. dysphagia
5. watery diarrhea

Question 17

What is cheilosis?

Answer 17

scales and fissures in mouth

Question 18

What is stomatitis?

Answer 18

inflammation of mouth

Question 19

What are the 4 leukemia serum changes?

Answer 19

1. increased WBC
2. decreased RBC
3. decreased Hgb
4. decreased Hct

Question 20

What does CML stand for?

Answer 20

chronic myelogenous leukemia

Question 21

What is the patho of CML?

Answer 21

• malignant cell of myeloid line
• philadelphia chromosome presence
• large amount of immature RBCs

Question 22

What is the patho of Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 22

• progress to groups of lymph nodes
• Reed-Sternberg cells: white halo around RBC
• eosinophils and plasma cells in nodes = defect in B or T-lymphocytes

Question 23

What is the patho of Multiple Myeloma?

Answer 23

• B-lymphocyte neoplasm = increased IgG
• chromosomal translocation or deletion
• destroy bone marrow = bone tumors

Question 24

What is the patho of Polycythemia Vera?

Answer 24

increased viscosity and volume of blood = blood pooling = hypercoagulable state