Blood Disorders Flashcards
What are the 3 anemia serum changes?
- decreased # of RBC
- decreased Hgb
- decreased Hct
What is another name for iron-deficiency anemia?
microcytic-hypochromic anemia
What is the most common form of anemia?
iron-deficiency anemia
What are the 4 causes of iron-deficiency anemia?
- insufficient dietary intake
- impaired absorption
- excessive iron demand
- chronic blood loss
What is the patho of iron-deficiency anemia?
Hgb and myoglobin synthesis is impaired = decreased RBC oxygen-carrying capacity
What are the 5 manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia?
- pale skin and mucous membranes
- fatigue, muscle weakness
- dyspnea
- palpitations, chest pain
- brittle, thin, coarsely ridged, spoon-shaped nails
What is another name for pernicious anemia?
macrocytic-normochromic anemia
What are the 2 causes of pernicious anemia?
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- intrinsic factor deficiency
What is another name for vitamin B12?
cobalamin
What is the patho of pernicious anemia?
impaired erythropoiesis = decreased O2 = demyelination = decreased neurotransmission
What are the 6 manifestations of pernicious anemia?
- GI inflammation
- fatigue, muscle weakness
- numbness, tingling, decreased reflexes
- sore tongue
- jaundiced skin
- splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, CHF
What is another name for folate deficiency anemia?
macrocytic-normochromic anemia
What are the 3 causes of folate deficiency anemia?
- alcoholism (common)
- fad diets
- low vegetable intake
Where is folate stored in the body?
liver
What is the patho of folate deficiency anemia?
decreased erythropoiesis
What are the 5 manifestations of folate deficiency anemia?
- cheilosis
- stomatitis
- oral ulcers
- dysphagia
- watery diarrhea
What is cheilosis?
scales and fissures in mouth
What is stomatitis?
inflammation of mouth
What are the 4 leukemia serum changes?
- increased WBC
- decreased RBC
- decreased Hgb
- decreased Hct
What does CML stand for?
chronic myelogenous leukemia
What is the patho of CML?
- malignant cell of myeloid line
- philadelphia chromosome presence
- large amount of immature RBCs
What is the patho of Hodgkin Lymphoma?
- progress to groups of lymph nodes
- Reed-Sternberg cells: white halo around RBC
- eosinophils and plasma cells in nodes = defect in B or T-lymphocytes
What is the patho of Multiple Myeloma?
- B-lymphocyte neoplasm = increased IgG
- chromosomal translocation or deletion
- destroy bone marrow = bone tumors
What is the patho of Polycythemia Vera?
increased viscosity and volume of blood = blood pooling = hypercoagulable state
