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AGACNP Exam > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve controls pupillary constriction?

A

CN III (oculomotor)

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2
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory

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3
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve controls down and inward eye movement?

A

IV (trochlear)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve controls tongue movement?

A

XII (hypoglossal)

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve controls shrugging the shoulders?

A

XI (spinal accessory)

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7
Q

Which cranial nerve controls hearing?

A

VIII (acoustic)

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8
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the gag reflex?

A

IX (glossopharyngeal)

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve controls eye movement to the side?

A

VI (abducens)

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve controls muscles of mastication?

A

V (trigeminal)

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11
Q

Which cranial nerve controls puffing out the cheeks?

A

VII (facial)

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12
Q

A score of what or higher on the mini mental status exam indicates no cognitive impairment?

A

24 or above

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13
Q

What % of strokes are ischemic?

A

80%

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14
Q

What two kinds of vision changes classically occur in TIA?

A

Ipsilateral monocular blindness; homonymous hemianopia

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15
Q

On what side will vision changes be during stroke?

A

Ipsilateral (same) side

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16
Q

On what side will motor changes be during stroke?

A

Contralateral side

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17
Q

What two drugs are most important in management of TIA?

A

Aspirin and clopidogrel

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18
Q

When is a carotid endarterectomy indicated?

A

For greater than 70-80% stenosis with symptoms

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19
Q

Speech is normally impaired with a stroke in which hemisphere?

A

Left

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20
Q

Spatial disorientation is seen with stroke in which hemisphere?

A

Right

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21
Q

What is the latest you can give thrombolytics in stoke?

A

4.5 hours from sx onset

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22
Q

What two categories of pts have an indication for ICP monitoring?

A

Severe head injury with GCS of 8 + abnormal CT; severe head injury with GCS of 8 + normal with CT scan with any 2 of the following: age >40, BP <90, abnormal motor posturing

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23
Q

MAP should be maintained at what in stroke?

A

110-130

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24
Q

Why is MAP maintained at 110-130 in stroke?

A

To prevent cerebral vasospasm

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25
Q

What is the formula for CPP?

A

MAP-ICP

26
Q

What type of drug is nimodipine?

A

Calcium channel antagonist

27
Q

What does nimodipine do in stroke?

A

Counters vasospasm

28
Q

What type of seizure has no LOC?

A

Simple partial

29
Q

What is the main difference between a simple partial seizure and a complex partial seizure?

A

A complex partial seizure has an impaired LOC

30
Q

What is an absence seizure?

A

Sudden arrest of motor activity with a blank stare

31
Q

Antispasmodics and interferon therapy are used to treat what neuro disorder?

A

Multiple sclerosis

32
Q

What kind of paralysis does Guillan Barre cause?

A

Progressive symmetrical ascending paralysis

33
Q

What two signs may be seen in meningitis?

A

Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign

34
Q

What is Kernig’s sign?

A

Pain and spasm of the hamstring muscles

35
Q

What is Brudzinski’s sign?

A

Legs flex at hips and knees in response to flexion of the head and the neck to the chest

36
Q

What happens to protein and glucose in bacterial meningitis?

A

Protein will be elevated and glucose will be decreased

37
Q

How to treat meningitis in a pt under 50 years old?

A

Vancomycin plus ceftriaxone

38
Q

How to treat meningitis in a pt over 50 years old?

A

Vancomycin plus ceftriaxone plus ampicillin

39
Q

What kind of bleed is characterized by a lucid interval?

A

Epidural hematoma

40
Q

What are the three components of Cushing’s triad?

A

Widening pulse pressure, decreased respiratory rate, decreased HR

41
Q

If a pt has a cervical spinal cord injury they will be what?

A

Tetraplegic/quadraplegic

42
Q

If a pt has a thoracic spinal cord injury they will be what?

A

Paraplegic

43
Q

A major complication of spinal cord injury at C4 or above may be what?

A

Respiratory compromise

44
Q

Injury at T4-T6 may lead to what complication?

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

45
Q

What is Brown Sequard Syndrome caused by?

A

Damage to one half of the spinal cord

46
Q

Which spinal cord injury causes same-sided motor neuron paralysis and loss of proprioception and opposite sided loss of pain and temperature?

A

Brown Sequard Syndrome

47
Q

How is Brown Sequard Syndrome managed?

A

Steroids

48
Q

How is Cauda Equina managed?

A

MRI, surgery and steroids

49
Q

Neurogenic shock may happen with an injury at what level or above?

A

T6

50
Q

What is Parkinson’s caused by?

A

Dopamine deficiency

51
Q

Pts with Parkinson’s will have what trio of symptoms?

A

Tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia

52
Q

Pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine are all what class of drug, used in the management of what?

A

Dopamine agonists, used in Parkinson’s

53
Q

Selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide are all what class of drug, used in the management of what?

A

MAO-B inhibitors, used in Parkinson’s

54
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by memory impairment AND one of what 4 things?

A

Aphasia, apraxia (inability to perform previously learned task), agnosia (inability to recognize an object) or inability to plan

55
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Inability to perform previously learned task

56
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize an object

57
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat what?

A

Alzheimer’s

58
Q

Donepazil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are what class of med?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

59
Q

Memantine is used to treat what?

A

Alzheimer’s

60
Q

Which drug is used to treat all stages of Alzheimer’s?

A

Donepazil

61
Q

What is the CAGE mnemonic for alcohol use disorder?

A

Have you ever felt the need to Cut down on drinking; have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking; have you ever felt Guilty about your drinking; have you ever had a drink first thing in the AM to steady your nerves (eye opener)

62
Q

What happens to pain tolerance in older adults?

A

Increases

AGACNP Exam (14 decks)

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