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AGACNP Exam > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Are younger patients more likely to have gastric or duodenal ulcers?

A

Duodenal

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2
Q

In what type of ulcer is pain relieved after eating?

A

Duodenal

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3
Q

In what type of ulcer is pain worse after eating?

A

Gastric

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4
Q

Coffee ground emesis suggests what type of ulcer?

A

Duodenal

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5
Q

If you suspect PUD, what class of med should you start with?

A

PPI

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6
Q

Sulcrafate is associated with what?

A

Decreases in nosocomial PNA

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7
Q

What is the general tx for H. pylori eradication?

A

2 antibiotics + PPI with or without bismuth for 10-14 days

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8
Q

What is a classic sign of GERD in the elderly population?

A

Dysphagia

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9
Q

How long should a pt have GERD sx before doing an EGD to r/o Barrett’s esophagus, CA, etc?

A

5-10 years

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10
Q

Barrett’s esophagus can lead to what?

A

Esophageal CA

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11
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Via all body fluids

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12
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Oral-fecal route as well as blood and stool during infectious period

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13
Q

Which hepatitis is related to injection drug use?

A

Hepatitis C

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14
Q

What will ALT/AST be in hepatitis?

A

500-2000

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15
Q

Anti-HAV antibody with IgM indicates what?

A

Acute Hep A

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16
Q

Anti-Hav antibody with IgG indicates what?

A

Recovered Hep A

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17
Q

What is the antigen for Hep B?

A

HBsAg

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18
Q

What is the serology for active Hep B?

A

HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, IgM

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19
Q

What is the serology for chronic Hep B?

A

HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBe, IgM, IgG

20
Q

What is the serology for recovered Hep B?

A

Anti-HBc, anti-HBs

21
Q

How to distinguish acute from chronic Hep C?

A

Via PCR

22
Q

Diverticulitis is more common in pts with what kind of diet?

A

Low in fiber

23
Q

Why is an xray done on pts with suspected diverticulitis?

A

To look for pneumoperitoneum (free air under the diaphragm)

24
Q

What diet should an inpatient w/diverticulitis be on?

A

NPO

25
Q

Murphy’s sign is seen in what?

A

Cholecystitis

26
Q

What is the most common complication of an ERCP?

A

Pancreatitis

27
Q

What is the number one cause of pancreatitis?

A

Heavy ETOH use

28
Q

What is the number two cause of pancreatitis?

A

Gallbladder disease

29
Q

What makes pain worse in pancreatitis?

A

Walking and lying supine

30
Q

What makes pain better in pancreatitis?

A

Sitting and leaning forward

31
Q

What are two signs of hemorrhagic pancreatitis?

A

Grey Turner’s sign and Cullen’s sign

32
Q

What do you see in Grey Turner’s sign?

A

Flank discoloration

33
Q

What do you see in Cullen’s sign?

A

Umbilical discoloration

34
Q

What two values will be elevated in 90% of pancreatitis cases?

A

Amylase and lipase

35
Q

How is pancreatitis diagnosed?

A

CT scan

36
Q

What are the Ranson’s criteria for pancreatitis at admission?

A

Greater than 55 years of age, WBCs > 16k, glucose > 200, LDH > 350, AST > 250

37
Q

Vomiting at onset of pain suggests what type of bowel obstruction?

A

Proximal

38
Q

Vomiting a couple hours after the development of pain suggests what type of bowel obstruction?

A

Distal

39
Q

More distended abd suggests what type of bowel obstruction?

A

Distal

40
Q

What kind of bowel sounds are there in bowel obstruction?

A

High pitched, tinkling

41
Q

What is seen on xray in bowel obstruction?

A

Dilated loops of bowel and air fluid levels

42
Q

Does ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease involve the rectum?

A

Ulcerative colitis

43
Q

What two types of suppositories are used in the management of ulcerative colitis?

A

Mesalamine and hydrocortisone

44
Q

What is psoas sign and what does it suggest?

A

Pain w/right thigh extension - appendicitis

45
Q

What is obturator sign and what does it suggest?

A

Pain w/internal rotation of flexed right thigh - appendicitis

46
Q

What is Rovsing’s sign and what does it suggest?

A

RLQ when pressure applied to LLQ - appendicitis

AGACNP Exam (14 decks)

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