Neurological Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
Which disorder is known for “disappearing tumors”
Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Typically occurs in immunocompromised or older individuals, bilateral deep cerebral tumor, shows dramatic response to corticosteroids and death within 3 years
When is a lumbar puncture contraindicate
When brain tumor mass is suspected to the increased risk of fatal herniation
What type of brain tumor often associated with chronic seizures that becomes progressively refractory to AEDS
Oligodendroglioma. Slow growing, infiltrative, and rare neoplasm often found in temporal lobe
Which of the following does not belong and why: kuru, scrapie, bovine spongiform, encephalopathy, CJD, HSV encephalitis
HSV,non fatal, the other prions 100% mortality rate
What is Wilsons Disease and what are the possible EEG findings?
abnormal copper metabolism causing a progressive disorder characterized by ataxia, choreoathetosis, dystonia, and dysarthria, hepatic dysfunction, copper deposits in cornea
EEG: may show generalized asynchronous or focal slow waves, especially in cases of signigicant liver disease
What is Sturge-weber syndrome and how is it characterized? What might the eeg show
congenital port wine stain, usually on the face, and angiomas in the brain on the same side as the birthmark which may cause neurological symptoms and seizures.
EEG: may show asymmetrical alpha and focal abnormalities.
Agnosia
inability to process sensory information, typically with loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, shapes, smells or sounds w/ no significant memory loss.
Anosmia
loss of the sense of smell w/ inability to perceive odor
Apraxia
Inability to execute a voluntary or purposeful movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function. Caused by injury to brain, specifically to the posterior parietal cortex
Ataxia
lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that include gait abnormalities that is related to dysfunction of the nervous system
Locked-in Syndrome
complete paralysis of voluntary muscles execept ones that control eyes. Damage to pons of the brainstem and complete disruption of the pyramidal tract
ESES
electrical Status Epilepticus of Sleep. Continuous spiking during non-rem sleep
What are lacunar infarcts and where are they found?
Small infarcts that form cysts as they age, found on Ct or MRI in arterioles of the thalamus, internal capsule, pons, and cerebellum
Keyser-flesher rings
Wilson’s Disease
Todd’s paralysis
Temporary postictal paralysis contralateral to the seizure origin and may affect speech and vision
