Neuroanatomy/neurophysiology (stack)

Question 1

The resting membrane potential of a nerve cells:

Answer 1

-70mV (varying from-40 to -80) and is negative on the inside

Question 2

Normal Cerebral blood flow level (mL/100g/min)

Answer 2

50-70 (possible low as 35) mL/100g/min

Question 3

At what level of blood flow do EEG abnormalities begin to show?

Answer 3

25 to 35 ml/100g/min.Irreversible neuronal death begins at flows below 12ml/100g/min

Question 4

How long before brain cells start to die when deprived of oxygen?

Answer 4

3 to 5 minutes

Question 5

Irreversible neuronal death begins at bloodflows below_________

Answer 5

12ml/100g/min

Question 6

The minimum threshold of time that it takes for irreversible neuronal death and electrocerebral inactivity due to lack ofcerebral blood flow is:

Answer 6

4 minutes

Question 7

Broca’s Area

Answer 7

inferior frontal gyrus, andfunctions in the production of written and spoken language/expressive speech

Question 8

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 8

posterior portion of thesuperior temporal gyrus of one hemisphere and functions in receptive speech andword comprehension

Question 9

Transverse Temporal Gyrus

Answer 9

AKA Heschl’s Gyrus, locatedin the primary auditory cortex as the first cortical structure toreceive/process most incoming auditory information

Question 10

Angular Gyrus

Answer 10

Somatosensory area of the parietallobe, important in language function, number processing, spatial recognition,memory retrieval and attention

Question 11

Insula: Location, function

Answer 11

located deep within thelateral sulcus between the frontal and temporal lobes. Functions includeperception, motor control, self-awareness, interpersonal experience, regulationof homeostasis, consciousness, and emotion

Question 12

Limbic system: Location, function and thestructures that make up the system

Answer 12

Located deep within the medial temporal lobe. Includes hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus. Functions for emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction. Serves as the bridge between autonomic and voluntary responses to change in the environment

Question 13

The primary auditory cortex located in thesuperior part of the temporal lobe=_____gyrus

Answer 13

Heschl’s gyrus

Question 14

Damage to this area will result in expressive aphasia (hints: inferior frontal gyrus, Broadman areas 44 and 45)

Answer 14

Broca’s area

Question 15

Damage to this area results in receptive aphasia(hint: located in superior temporal gyrus of dominant hemisphere)

Answer 15

Wernicke’s area

Question 16

What area of the brain houses the cerebellum, pons, medulla, and fourth ventricle and is the most common location of pediatric brain tumors?

Answer 16

posterior fossa. 65% of pediatric tumors arise in the posterior fossa