Brain Diseases other than Seizures Flashcards
sign or indication of disease
Symptom
group of symptoms, characteristic of a disease
Syndrome
medical condition associated with specific symptoms or signs and impairs normal functions of the body
Disease
something wrong with the function of brain
encephalopathy
something wrong with nerves
neuropathy
dangerous if fracture tears the dura of protrudes brain
Skull Fracture
-caused by dilated blood vessels or contracted muscle
Headache
severe, recurring headaches often with aura, vomiting and even stroke like
Migraines
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
inflammation of the brain itself
Encephalitis
atrophy or primary disease of the brain
compensatory
impaired absorption of CSF
Normal Pressure
lack of absorption or excretion thru Arachnoid Villi
Communicating
obstruction in flow thru ventricular system
Non-communicating
fainting-brief, inadequate cerebral flow
syncope
moderately deep level of unconsciousness, requires repeated or painful stimuli to arouse
Stupor
deep profound state of unconsciousness
Coma
long term condition that can be awake or unconscious, no self awareness or surrounding awareness
Persistent Vegetative state
-drug intox
-metabolic intox
-post anoxic/ hypoglycemic
-infection, postictal, post traumatic
Diffuse Coma
-hematoma
-infarction
-tumor, abscess
Structural Coma
-lesion in Ventral Pons
-Ras and Cerebral hemispheres intact
-fully conscious but restricted motor function
Locked in Syndrome
motionless, mindless alertness without evidence of sensory or motor paralysis
Akinetic Mutism
no evidence of higher cortical function but primitive orienting (eye) reflexes and sleep/wake cycles are intact
Chronic Vegetative State
-patients response to noxious stim
-designed for head-injury patients
-score of 3-15
-Repeated
Glasgow Coma Scale
syndrome of progressive irreversible cerebral insufficiency
Dementia
Unable to read
Alexia
unable to write
Agraphia
unable to appreciate texture, size and form by touching
astereognosis
unable to make purposeful or learned actions
Apraxia
can understand speech but can not form words or sentences
Broca’s Aphasia
Can not understand words but can form sounds/words
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Unable to interpret sensory information
Sensory Agnosia
objects can be seen but not recognized
Visual Agnosia
-abnormal movements
Dyskinesia
sudden twitching w/ involuntary movements
Choreiform Movements
slower “squirming” and “writhing” involuntary movements
Athetosis
Sustained contractions of limbs, neck, face
Dystonia
causes brain damage mainly in basal ganglia
Liver Disease
arm is extended, causes wrist extensors to involuntary relax, wave goodbye
Asterixis
Lesion in Medulla
Cheyne-Stoke Respirations
Lesion in Pons
Respiratory Failure
Lesion in Brainstem
deficits in CN function
Lesion in Midbrain
posturing abnormalities
damage to one side of cerebellum can cause problems w/ voluntary movements on the same side, primarily walking
Ataxia
muscles are not coordinated, and fine skills are difficult ex. unable to touch nose
Dysmetria
failure of coordination of muscles of the mouth, tongue, and larynx
Dysarthria
damage to the vermis causes issues w/ midline body parts
Truncal Ataxia
-slow progressing, affects movement and balance
-lack of dopamine in Substantia Nigra
Parkinson’s
-Hereditary, affects basal ganglia-rapid, jerky involuntary movements
-progressive intellectual deterioration, personality changes, memory loss, irritability
-onse 30s-40s
Huntington’s
Glial Cell tumors
Glioma
can be caused by ear infection
Abscess
childhood tumor, infratentorial, posterior fossa
Medulloblastoma
-ages 30-50
-benign, encapsulated, slow growing
-folds of dura
don’t invade brain tissue, will displace it
-can develop seizures
Meningioma
seizures are more frequent with what tumors
Meningioma and slow growing astrocytoma
