Neurological and Psychiatric Disease Flashcards
Remeron
mirtazapine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: alpha2 antagonist
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, weight gain, xerostomia, increased appetite, constipation
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL
bupropion (PO)
Pharmacologic category: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: tachycardia, headache, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, weight loss
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; serious neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred
Other Notes: use may increase risk of seizures (CI in patients with seizure disorders and/or eating disorders)
Strattera
atomoxetine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Pristiq
desvenlafaxine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Cymbalta
duloxetine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Effexor, Effexor XR
venlafaxine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Savella
milnacipran (PO)
Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: fibromyalgia
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Celexa
citalopram (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Prozac
fluoxetine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Lexapro
escitalopram (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Paxil
paroxetine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Zoloft
sertraline (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Desyrel
trazodone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Common indication: insomnia, MDD
Key side effects: sedation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Viibryd
vilazodone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/5-HT1a partial agonist
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Elavil
amitriptyline (PO)
Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressants (TDA)
Common indication: MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Tofranil
imipramine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Pamelor
nortriptyline (PO)
Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Silenor
doxepin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: somnolence, sedation, nausea
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly
Cogentin
benztropine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticholinergic
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease
Key side effects: blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention
Aricept
donepezil (PO)
Pharmacologic category: cholinesterase inhibitor
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Exelon
rivastigmine (PO, transdermal)
Pharmacologic category: cholinesterase inhibitor
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness
Focalin XR
dexmethylphenidate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse
Other Notes: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems
Adderall, Adderall XR
dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD, narcolepsy
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse
Other Notes: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems
Vyvanse
lisdexamfetamine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems
Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin
methylphenidate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD, narcolepsy
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems
Mirapex
pramipexole (PO)
Pharmacologic category: dopamine agonist
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease, RLS
Key side effects: nausea, hallucinations, peripheral edema, compulsive behaviors
Requip
ropinirole (PO)
Pharmacologic category: dopamine agonist
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease, RLS
Key side effects: nausea, hallucinations, peripheral edema, compulsive behaviors
Namenda
memantine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: constipation, confusion, dizziness, headache
Intuniv
guanfacine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective alpha2a agonist
Common indication: ADHD, HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, sedation, skin rash
Sinemet, Sinemet CR
carbidopa and levodopa (PO)
Pharmacologic category: decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa), dopamine precursor (levodopa)
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease
Key side effects: nausea, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; CI in narrow-angle glaucoma
Lithobid
lithium (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antimanic agent
Common indication: bipolar disorder
Key side effects: tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia
US Boxed Warnings: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended)
Imitrex
sumatriptran (PO, intranasal, subcutaneous, transdermal)
Pharmacologic category: antimigraine
Common indication: migraine
Key side effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness
Maxalt, Maxalt MLT
rizatriptan (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antimigraine
Common indication: migraine
Key side effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness
Haldol
haloperidol (PO, IV, IM)
Pharmacologic category: first-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Clozaril
clozapine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Key side effects: sedation, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea
US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe neutropenia; may cause orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope; may cause seizures; may cause fatal myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Other Notes: risk of neutropenia requires monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to receive prescription
Latuda
lurasidone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar depression
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
PO: Abilify; IM: Abilify Maintena
aripiprazole (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolscents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Seroquel, Seroquel XR
quetiapine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Zyprexa
olanzapine (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: Second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
PO: Risperdal, IM: Risperdal Consta
risperidone (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Geodon
ziprasidone (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
PO: Invega; IM: Invega Sustenna
paliperidone (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Tegretol
carbamazepine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorder
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition (presence of HLA-B*1502 allele); may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene
divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, hair loss, thrombocytopenia
US Boxed Warnings: may cause hepatic failure resulting in fatality; may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity (pregnancy category X for migraines and category D for seizures/bipolar disorder)
Keppra
levetiracetam (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness
Zonegran
zonisamide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness
Trileptal
oxcarbazepine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyponatremia
Phenobarbital (PO, IM, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness
Dilantin
phenytoin (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended)
Mysoline
primidone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia
Neurontin
gabapentin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, neuropathic pain
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision
Lamictal
lamotrigine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorders
key side effects: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash
US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatological reactions, including SJS
Topamax
topiramate (PO)
Pharmacological category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, memory impairment, weight loss
Buspar
buspirone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anti anxiety agent
Common indications: anxiety
key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
Xanax
alprazolam (PO)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Klonopin
clonazepam (PO)
Pharmacologic category; benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety, seizure disorders
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Valium
diazepam (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Ativan
lorazepam (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used >= 48 hours
Versed
midazolam (IV)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anesthesia, sedation
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Restoril
temazepam (PO)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety, insomnia
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Lunesta
eszopiclone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: hypnotic
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia
US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); contraindicated in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors
Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo
zolpidem (PO)
Pharmacologic category: hypnotic
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: decreased ability to function the next norming, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia
US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); contraindicated in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors
Diprivan
propofol (IV)
Pharmacologic category: sedative, anticonvulsant
Common indication: sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus
Key side effects: hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare)
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Precedex
dexmedetomidine (IV)
Pharmacologic category: alpha2 agonist, sedative
Common Indication: sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures
Key Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Lyrica
pregabalin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: Anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, neuropathic pain
key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision
