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Drugs > Neurological and Psychiatric Disease > Flashcards

Neurological and Psychiatric Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Remeron

mirtazapine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: alpha2 antagonist
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, weight gain, xerostomia, increased appetite, constipation
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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2
Q

Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL

bupropion (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: tachycardia, headache, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, weight loss
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; serious neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred
Other Notes: use may increase risk of seizures (CI in patients with seizure disorders and/or eating disorders)

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3
Q

Strattera

atomoxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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4
Q

Pristiq

desvenlafaxine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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5
Q

Cymbalta

duloxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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6
Q

Effexor, Effexor XR

venlafaxine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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7
Q

Savella

milnacipran (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: fibromyalgia
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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8
Q

Celexa

citalopram (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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9
Q

Prozac

fluoxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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10
Q

Lexapro

escitalopram (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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11
Q

Paxil

paroxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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12
Q

Zoloft

sertraline (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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13
Q

Desyrel

trazodone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Common indication: insomnia, MDD
Key side effects: sedation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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14
Q

Viibryd

vilazodone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/5-HT1a partial agonist
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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15
Q

Elavil

amitriptyline (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressants (TDA)
Common indication: MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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16
Q

Tofranil

imipramine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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17
Q

Pamelor

nortriptyline (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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18
Q

Silenor

doxepin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: somnolence, sedation, nausea
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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19
Q

Cogentin

benztropine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticholinergic
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease
Key side effects: blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention

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20
Q

Aricept

donepezil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: cholinesterase inhibitor
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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21
Q

Exelon

rivastigmine (PO, transdermal)

A

Pharmacologic category: cholinesterase inhibitor
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness

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22
Q

Focalin XR

dexmethylphenidate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse
Other Notes: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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23
Q

Adderall, Adderall XR

dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD, narcolepsy
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse
Other Notes: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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24
Q

Vyvanse

lisdexamfetamine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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25
Q

Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin

methylphenidate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD, narcolepsy
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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26
Q

Mirapex

pramipexole (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dopamine agonist
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease, RLS
Key side effects: nausea, hallucinations, peripheral edema, compulsive behaviors

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27
Q

Requip

ropinirole (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dopamine agonist
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease, RLS
Key side effects: nausea, hallucinations, peripheral edema, compulsive behaviors

28
Q

Namenda

memantine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: constipation, confusion, dizziness, headache

29
Q

Intuniv

guanfacine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective alpha2a agonist
Common indication: ADHD, HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, sedation, skin rash

30
Q

Sinemet, Sinemet CR

carbidopa and levodopa (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa), dopamine precursor (levodopa)
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease
Key side effects: nausea, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; CI in narrow-angle glaucoma

31
Q

Lithobid

lithium (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: antimanic agent
Common indication: bipolar disorder
Key side effects: tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia
US Boxed Warnings: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended)

32
Q

Imitrex

sumatriptran (PO, intranasal, subcutaneous, transdermal)

A

Pharmacologic category: antimigraine
Common indication: migraine
Key side effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness

33
Q

Maxalt, Maxalt MLT

rizatriptan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: antimigraine
Common indication: migraine
Key side effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness

34
Q

Haldol

haloperidol (PO, IV, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: first-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

35
Q

Clozaril

clozapine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Key side effects: sedation, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea
US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe neutropenia; may cause orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope; may cause seizures; may cause fatal myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Other Notes: risk of neutropenia requires monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to receive prescription

36
Q

Latuda

lurasidone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar depression
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

37
Q

PO: Abilify; IM: Abilify Maintena

aripiprazole (PO, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolscents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

38
Q

Seroquel, Seroquel XR

quetiapine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

39
Q

Zyprexa

olanzapine (PO, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: Second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

40
Q

PO: Risperdal, IM: Risperdal Consta

risperidone (PO, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

41
Q

Geodon

ziprasidone (PO, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

42
Q

PO: Invega; IM: Invega Sustenna

paliperidone (PO, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic
Common indication: schizophrenia
Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death

43
Q

Tegretol

carbamazepine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorder
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition (presence of HLA-B*1502 allele); may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis

44
Q

Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene

divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, hair loss, thrombocytopenia
US Boxed Warnings: may cause hepatic failure resulting in fatality; may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity (pregnancy category X for migraines and category D for seizures/bipolar disorder)

45
Q

Keppra

levetiracetam (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness

46
Q

Zonegran

zonisamide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness

47
Q

Trileptal

oxcarbazepine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyponatremia

48
Q

Phenobarbital (PO, IM, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness

49
Q

Dilantin

phenytoin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended)

50
Q

Mysoline

primidone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia

51
Q

Neurontin

gabapentin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, neuropathic pain
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision

52
Q

Lamictal

lamotrigine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorders
key side effects: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash
US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatological reactions, including SJS

53
Q

Topamax

topiramate (PO)

A

Pharmacological category: anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, memory impairment, weight loss

54
Q

Buspar

buspirone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anti anxiety agent
Common indications: anxiety
key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea

55
Q

Xanax

alprazolam (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

56
Q

Klonopin

clonazepam (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category; benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety, seizure disorders
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

57
Q

Valium

diazepam (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

58
Q

Ativan

lorazepam (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used >= 48 hours

59
Q

Versed

midazolam (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anesthesia, sedation
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

60
Q

Restoril

temazepam (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine
Common indication: anxiety, insomnia
Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

61
Q

Lunesta

eszopiclone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: hypnotic
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia
US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); contraindicated in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors

62
Q

Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo

zolpidem (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: hypnotic
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: decreased ability to function the next norming, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia
US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); contraindicated in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors

63
Q

Diprivan

propofol (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: sedative, anticonvulsant
Common indication: sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus
Key side effects: hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare)
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

64
Q

Precedex

dexmedetomidine (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: alpha2 agonist, sedative
Common Indication: sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures
Key Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

65
Q

Lyrica

pregabalin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: Anticonvulsant
Common indication: seizure disorders, neuropathic pain
key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision

Drugs (11 decks)

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