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Drugs > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Glucophage, Glucophage XR

metformin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: biguanide
Common indication: type 2 DM, PCOS
Key side effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
US Boxed Warnings: lactic acidosis
Other Notes: CI if creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min

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2
Q

Onglyza

saxagliptin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: headache, nasopharyngitis
Other Notes: heart failure requiring hospitalization and pancreatitis have occurred

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3
Q

Januvia

sitagliptin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: headache, nasopharyngitis
Other Notes: heart failure requiring hospitalization and pancreatitis have occurred

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4
Q

Victoza, Saxenda

liraglutide (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
Common indication: type 2 DM, chronic weight management
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
US Boxed Warnings: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor

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5
Q

Humulin N, Novolin N

insulin NPH (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: insulin, intermediate acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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6
Q

Levemir

insulin detemir (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: insulin, long acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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7
Q

Lantus, Toujeo

insulin glargine (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: insulin, long acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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8
Q

Novolog

insulin aspart (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: insulin, rapid acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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9
Q

Humalog

insulin lispro (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: insulin, rapid acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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10
Q

Humulin R, Novolin R

insulin regular (subcutaneous, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: insulin, short acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM, DKA
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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11
Q

Amaryl

glimepiride (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: sulfonylurea
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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12
Q

Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL

glipizide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: sulfonylurea
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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13
Q

Glynase

glyburide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: sulfonylurea
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

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14
Q

Actos

pioglitazone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazolinedione (TZD)
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: edema, weight gain, hypoglycemia, upper respiratory tract infection
US Boxed Warnings: may exacerbate congestive heart failure

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15
Q

Synthroid, Levoxyl

levothyroxine (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: thyroid product
Common indication: hypothyroidism
Key side effects: weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance
US Boxed Warnings: not intended for use for weight loss
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent

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16
Q

Armour Thyroid

thyroid, dessicated (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thyroid product
Common indication: hypothyroidism
Key side effects: weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance
US Boxed Warnings: not intended for use for weight loss
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent

17
Q

Janumet, Janumet XR

sitagliptin and metformin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor and biguanide
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: headache, nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
US Boxed Warnings: lactic acidosis
Other Notes: CI if creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; heart failure requiring hospitalization and pancreatitis have occurred

18
Q

drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

19
Q

levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (monophasic) (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

20
Q

norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (1/35) (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

21
Q

norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, and ferrous fumarate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

22
Q

norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

23
Q

norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (triphasic) (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

24
Q

norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease

25
Q

Premarin

estrogens (conjugated) (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: estrogen derivative
Common indication: vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause
Key side effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and estrogen dependent tumor

26
Q

Vivelle Dot

estradiol (transdermal)

A

Pharmacologic category: estrogen derivative
Common indication: vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause
Key side effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not use concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and estrogen dependent tumor

27
Q

Provera

medroxyprogesterone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: progestin
Common indication: abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
Key side effects: acne, abnormal menstrual bleeding, headache, amenorrhea
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, estrogen or progesterone dependent tumors, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, hepatic impairment

28
Q

Prempro, Premphase

estrogens (conjugated) and medroxyprogesterone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: estrogen derivative, progestin
Common indication: vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause; abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
Key side effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders; acne, abnormal menstrual bleeding, headache, amenorrhea
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not use concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease; increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, estrogen or progesterone dependent tumors, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding

29
Q

AndroGel, Fortesta, Vogelxo

testosterone gel (topical)

A

Pharmacologic category: androgen
Common indication: hypogonadism
Key side effects: contact dermatitis, acne, increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), emotional lability, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: secondary exposure may result in virilization (especially in children); long term use may increase risk of breast cancer; CI in males with breast or prostate cancer and pregnant women

30
Q

Fosamax

alendronate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: bisphosphonate
Common indication: osteoporosis
Key side effects: dyspepsia, GERD, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw
Other Notes: CI in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus; administer >= 30 minutes before food or drink (except plain water); remain upright for 30 minutes following dose to reduce esophageal irritation

31
Q

Boniva

ibandronate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: bisphosphonate
Common indication: osteoporosis
Key side effects: dyspepsia, GERD, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw
Other Notes: CI in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus; administer >= 60 minutes before food or drink (except plain water); remain upright for 60 minutes following dose to reduce esophageal irritation

32
Q

Evista

raloxifene (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Common indication: osteoporosis, breast cancer prevention
Key side effects: hot flashes, leg cramps, peripheral edema, arthralgia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of thromboembolism; increased risk of death caused by stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease

33
Q

Viagra, Revatio

sildenafil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor
Common indication: ED, PAH
Key side effects: priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance
Other Notes: CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension)

34
Q

Cialis

tadalafil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor
Common indication: ED, BPH
Key side effects: priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance
Other Notes: CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension)

35
Q

Pitocin

oxytocin (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: oxytocic agent
Common indication: labor induction, post-partum uterine bleeding
Key side effects: postpartum hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, uterine rupture, arrhythmias (rare)
US Boxed Warnings: should only be used when medically necessary
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

Drugs (11 decks)

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