Endocrine Flashcards
Glucophage, Glucophage XR
metformin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: biguanide
Common indication: type 2 DM, PCOS
Key side effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
US Boxed Warnings: lactic acidosis
Other Notes: CI if creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min
Onglyza
saxagliptin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: headache, nasopharyngitis
Other Notes: heart failure requiring hospitalization and pancreatitis have occurred
Januvia
sitagliptin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: headache, nasopharyngitis
Other Notes: heart failure requiring hospitalization and pancreatitis have occurred
Victoza, Saxenda
liraglutide (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
Common indication: type 2 DM, chronic weight management
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
US Boxed Warnings: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor
Humulin N, Novolin N
insulin NPH (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: insulin, intermediate acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Levemir
insulin detemir (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: insulin, long acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Lantus, Toujeo
insulin glargine (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: insulin, long acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Novolog
insulin aspart (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: insulin, rapid acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Humalog
insulin lispro (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: insulin, rapid acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Humulin R, Novolin R
insulin regular (subcutaneous, IV)
Pharmacologic category: insulin, short acting
Common indication: type 1 DM, type 2 DM, DKA
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Amaryl
glimepiride (PO)
Pharmacologic category: sulfonylurea
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
glipizide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: sulfonylurea
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Glynase
glyburide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: sulfonylurea
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
Actos
pioglitazone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: thiazolinedione (TZD)
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: edema, weight gain, hypoglycemia, upper respiratory tract infection
US Boxed Warnings: may exacerbate congestive heart failure
Synthroid, Levoxyl
levothyroxine (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: thyroid product
Common indication: hypothyroidism
Key side effects: weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance
US Boxed Warnings: not intended for use for weight loss
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent
Armour Thyroid
thyroid, dessicated (PO)
Pharmacologic category: thyroid product
Common indication: hypothyroidism
Key side effects: weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance
US Boxed Warnings: not intended for use for weight loss
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent
Janumet, Janumet XR
sitagliptin and metformin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor and biguanide
Common indication: type 2 DM
Key side effects: headache, nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
US Boxed Warnings: lactic acidosis
Other Notes: CI if creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; heart failure requiring hospitalization and pancreatitis have occurred
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (monophasic) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (1/35) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, and ferrous fumarate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (triphasic) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: contraceptive
Common indication: contraception, acne
Key side effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women > 35 years old who smoke
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
Premarin
estrogens (conjugated) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: estrogen derivative
Common indication: vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause
Key side effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and estrogen dependent tumor
Vivelle Dot
estradiol (transdermal)
Pharmacologic category: estrogen derivative
Common indication: vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause
Key side effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not use concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and estrogen dependent tumor
Provera
medroxyprogesterone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: progestin
Common indication: abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
Key side effects: acne, abnormal menstrual bleeding, headache, amenorrhea
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, estrogen or progesterone dependent tumors, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, hepatic impairment
Prempro, Premphase
estrogens (conjugated) and medroxyprogesterone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: estrogen derivative, progestin
Common indication: vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause; abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
Key side effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders; acne, abnormal menstrual bleeding, headache, amenorrhea
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not use concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease; increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, estrogen or progesterone dependent tumors, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
AndroGel, Fortesta, Vogelxo
testosterone gel (topical)
Pharmacologic category: androgen
Common indication: hypogonadism
Key side effects: contact dermatitis, acne, increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), emotional lability, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: secondary exposure may result in virilization (especially in children); long term use may increase risk of breast cancer; CI in males with breast or prostate cancer and pregnant women
Fosamax
alendronate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: bisphosphonate
Common indication: osteoporosis
Key side effects: dyspepsia, GERD, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw
Other Notes: CI in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus; administer >= 30 minutes before food or drink (except plain water); remain upright for 30 minutes following dose to reduce esophageal irritation
Boniva
ibandronate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: bisphosphonate
Common indication: osteoporosis
Key side effects: dyspepsia, GERD, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw
Other Notes: CI in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus; administer >= 60 minutes before food or drink (except plain water); remain upright for 60 minutes following dose to reduce esophageal irritation
Evista
raloxifene (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Common indication: osteoporosis, breast cancer prevention
Key side effects: hot flashes, leg cramps, peripheral edema, arthralgia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of thromboembolism; increased risk of death caused by stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease
Viagra, Revatio
sildenafil (PO)
Pharmacologic category: phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor
Common indication: ED, PAH
Key side effects: priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance
Other Notes: CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension)
Cialis
tadalafil (PO)
Pharmacologic category: phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor
Common indication: ED, BPH
Key side effects: priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance
Other Notes: CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension)
Pitocin
oxytocin (IV)
Pharmacologic category: oxytocic agent
Common indication: labor induction, post-partum uterine bleeding
Key side effects: postpartum hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, uterine rupture, arrhythmias (rare)
US Boxed Warnings: should only be used when medically necessary
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
