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Drugs > Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Lotensin

Benazepril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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2
Q

Vasotec

Enalapril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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3
Q

Prinivil, Zestril

Lisinopril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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4
Q

Accupril

Quinapril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key Side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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5
Q

Altace

Ramipril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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6
Q

Avapro

Irbesartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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7
Q

Cozaar

Losartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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8
Q

Benicar

Olmesartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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9
Q

Micardis

Telmisartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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10
Q

Diovan

Valsartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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11
Q

Norvasc

Amlodipine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: edema
Other Notes: not all generic products therapeutically equivalent

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12
Q

Procardia XL, Nifedical XL, Adalat CC

Nifedipine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: edema
Other Notes: not all generic products therapeutically equivalent

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13
Q

Cardene

Nicardipine (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: hypertensive crisis
Key side effects: flushing, headache, edema, hypotension

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14
Q

Cartia XT, Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA

Diltiazem (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: AF (rate control), HTN, CAD
Key side effects: bradycardia, peripheral edema, constipation

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15
Q

Calan, Calan SR, Verelan

Verapamil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: AF (rate control), HTN, CAD
Key side effects: bradycardia, peripheral edema, constipation

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16
Q

Microzide

Hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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17
Q

Thalitone

Chlorthalidone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazide-related diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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18
Q

Zaroxolyn

Metolazone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazide-related diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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19
Q

Lotrel

Amlodipine and benazepril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, edema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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20
Q

Prinzide

Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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21
Q

Hyzaar

Losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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22
Q

Benicar-HCT

Olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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23
Q

Micardis-HCT

Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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24
Q

Dyazide, Maxzide

Triamterene and hydrochlorothiaizde (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: potassium-sparing diuretic and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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25
Q

Diovan-HCT

Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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26
Q

Aldactone

spironolactone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: potassium-sparing diuretic
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, ascites
Key side effects: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia
US Boxed Warnings: tumorigenic

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27
Q

Bumex

Bumetanide (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: Loop diuretic
Common indication: volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss

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28
Q

Lasix

Furosemide (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: Loop diuretic
Common indication: volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss

29
Q

Demadex

Torsemide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: loop diuretic
Common indication: volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss

30
Q

Tenormin

Atenolol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta-blocker
Common indication: AF (rate control), CAD, HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia
US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation
Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

31
Q

Lopressor

Metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta-blocker
Common indication: AF (rate control), CAD, HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia
US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation
Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

32
Q

Toprol-XL

Metoprolol succinate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta-blocker
Common indication: chronic HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia
Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

33
Q

Bystolic

Nebivolol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta blocker
Common indication: HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia
Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

34
Q

Coreg, Coreg CR

Carvedilol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-selective beta-blocker
Common indication: chronic HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN
Key side effects: bradycardia
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; masked symptoms of hypoglycemia

35
Q

Trandate

Labetalol (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-selective beta-blocker
Common indication: PO: HTN; IV: hypertensive crisis
Key side effects: Bradycardia
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

36
Q

Inderal LA, Inderal XL

Propranolol (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-selective beta-blocker
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: bradycardia
US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation
Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

37
Q

PO: Catapres; Transdermal: Catapress-TTS

Clonidine (PO, transdermal)

A

Pharmacologic category: alpha2 agonist
Common indication: HTN, ADHD
Key side effects: xerostomia, drowsiness
US Boxed Warnings: avoid epidural use
Other Notes: do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN

38
Q

Apresoline

Hydralazine (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: direct arterial vasodilator
Common indication: HTN
Key side effects: orthostatic hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome

39
Q

Dobutamine (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1 and beta2 agonist; inotrope
Common indication: ADHF, cardiogenic shock
Key side effects: tachyarrhythmias
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

40
Q

Adrenalin

Epinephrine (IV, IM, subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1, beta2, and alpha1 agonist
Common indication: advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia
Key side effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, lactic acidosis
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

41
Q

Levophed

Norepinephrine (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: alpha1 agonist (predominantly), beta1 and beta2 agonist
Common indication: shock
Key side effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia
US Boxed Warning: extravasation (central line administration preferred)
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

42
Q

Ziac

Bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta1 selective beta blocker and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN
Key side effects: upper respiratory infection, fatigue, rhinitis, arthralgia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia

43
Q

Pradaxa

Dabigatran (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor
Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE
Key side effects: bleeding, dyspepsia
US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; swallow whole; dispense and store in original packaging; discard 4 months after opening

44
Q

Eliquis

Apixaban (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor
Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE
Key side effects: bleeding
US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

45
Q

Xarelto

Rivaroxaban (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor
Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE
Key side effects: bleeding
US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

46
Q

Coumadin, Jantoven

warfarin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist
Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE
Key side effects: bleeding
US Boxed warnings: bleeding risk
Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drugs (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring recommended with INR)
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; dose dependent tablet colors; uniform vitamin K intake recommended; many drug interactions

47
Q

Lovenox

Enoxaparin (subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, low molecular weight heparin
Common indication: ACS, VTE
Key side effects: bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; do not expel air bubble from syringe prior to injection

48
Q

Heparin (IV, subcutaneous)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant
Common indication: ACS, VTE
Key side effects: bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication

49
Q

Plavix

Clopidogrel (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: antiplatelet agent
Common indication: CAD, stroke
Key side effects: bleeding
US Boxed Warnings: diminished effectiveness in poor metabolizers

50
Q

Aggrenox

Aspirin and dipyridamole (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: antiplatelet agent
Common indication: Stroke
Key side effects: bleeding, headache

51
Q

Effient

Prasugrel (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: antiplatelet agent
Common indication: CAD
Key side effects: bleeding
US Boxed Warnings: bleeding risk
Other Notes: CI in patients with history of stroke

52
Q

Intracatheter: Cathflo; IV: Activase

Alteplase (intracatheter, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: fibrinolytic
Common indication: Intracatheter: catheter clearance; IV: STEMI, ischemic stroke, PE
Key side effects: bleeding
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication, CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN

53
Q

Cordarone, Pacerone

Amiodarone (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: Antiarrhythmic
Common indication: AF, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia
Key side effects: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity
US Boxed Warnings: life-threatening arrhythmias, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; many drug interactions

54
Q

Betapace

sotalol (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: antiarrhythmic
Common indication: AF (rhythm control)
Key side effects: bradycardia, arrhythmias
US Boxed Warnings: life-threatening proarrhythmia

55
Q

Imdur

Isosorbide mononitrate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: vasodilator
Common indication: CAD
Key side effects: headache

56
Q

Nitrostat, NitroQuick

Nitroglyercin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: vasodilator
Common indication: CAD
Key side effects: headache

57
Q

Welchol

Colesevelam (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: bile acid sequestrant
Common indication: dyslipidemia
Key side effects: constipation, dyspepsia

58
Q

Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin

Digoxin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: cardiac glycoside
Common indication: AF (rate control), chronic HF
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, visual changes
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication, narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended); signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting and visual changes; many drug interactions

59
Q

Zetia

Ezetimibe (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: cholesterol absorption inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia
Key side effects: diarrhea

60
Q

Tricor, Trilipix

Fenofibrate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: fibric acid derivative
Common indication: dyslipidemia
Key side effects: dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases

61
Q

Lipitor

Atorvastatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke
Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity
Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake

62
Q

Mevacor

Lovastatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke
Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity
Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake

63
Q

Pravachol

Pravastatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke
Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity
Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake

64
Q

Crestor

Rosuvastatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke
Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity
Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake

65
Q

Zocor

Simvastatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke
Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity
Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake

66
Q

Lovaza

Omega-3 fatty acids (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: omega-3 fatty acids
Common indication: dyslipidemia
Key side effects: diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia, eructation

67
Q

Niaspan

Niacin (extended release) (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: water-soluble vitamin
Common indication: dyslipidemia
Key side effects: flushing, pruritus

68
Q

Vytorin

Ezetimibe and simvastatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: cholesterol absorption inhibitor and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke
Key side effects: diarrhea, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity
Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake

69
Q

Lopid

gemfibrozil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: fibric acid derivative
Common indication: dyslipidemia
Key side effects: dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases

Drugs (11 decks)

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