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Drugs > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V potassium (PO), penicillin G potassium (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (natural penicillin)
Common indications: pharyngitis, SSTI
Activity against: Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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2
Q

Amoxicillin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin)
Common indication: otitis media, pharyngitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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3
Q

Ampicillin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin)
Common indication: intrapartum group B Streptococcus prophylaxis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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4
Q

Augmentin, Augmentin XR

Amoxicillin and clavulanate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor
Common indication: otitis media, bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions
Other Notes: various ratios of amoxicillin and clavulanate available

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5
Q

Unasyn

ampicillin and sulbactam (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor
Common indication: DFI, IAI
Activity against: MSSA, Bacteroides species
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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6
Q

Zosyn

Piperacillin and tazobactam (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor
Common indication: HAP, DFI, IAI
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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7
Q

Oxacillin (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)
Common indication: CRBSI, endocarditis, SSTI
Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, elevated hepatic transaminases

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8
Q

Keflex

Cephalexin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: SSTI
Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes
key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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9
Q

Ancef, Kefzol

Cefazolin (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, CRBSI, SSTI
Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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10
Q

IV: Zinacef; PO: Ceftin

Cefuroxime (IV, PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (second generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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11
Q

Omnicef

Cefdinir (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: otitis media, bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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12
Q

Claforan

Cefotaxime (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coil
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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13
Q

Rocephin

Ceftriaxone (IV, IM)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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14
Q

Maxipime

Cefepime (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (fourth generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: meningitis, CAP, HAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures, or encephalopathy with excessive doses

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15
Q

Merrem

Meropenem (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: carbapenem
Common indication: meningitis, HAP, DFI, IAI
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses

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16
Q

Cipro

Ciprofloxacin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: fluoroquinolone
Common indication: pyelonephritis, HAP
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, atypicals
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycermias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

17
Q

Levaquin

Levofloxacin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Common indication: Pyelonephritis, CAP
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypical
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

18
Q

Ophthalmic: Vigamox; PO, IV: Avelox

Moxifloxacin (ophthalmic, PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Common indication: ophthalmic: bacterial conjunctivitis; PO, IV: CAP
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

19
Q

Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax

Azithromycin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: macrolide antibiotic
Common indication: CAP
Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals
Key side effects: diarrhea, QTc prolongation

20
Q

Biaxin, Biaxin XL

Clarithromycin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: macrolide antibiotic
Common indication: CAP
Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals
Key side effects: diarrhea, metallic taste, QTc prolongation

21
Q

Vibramycin, Doryx

Doxycycline (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: tetracycline antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI, CAP
Activity against: MRSA, atypicals
Key side effects: esophagitis, photosensitivity
Other Notes: may cause permanent gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to pediatric populations; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements)

22
Q

Minocin

Minocycline (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: tetracycline antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI
Activity against: MRSA
Key side effects: vestibular side effects, photosensitivity
Other Notes: may cause permanent gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to pediatric populations; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements)

23
Q

Cleocin

Clindamycin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: lincosamide antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI, pharyngitis
Activity against: MRSA
Key side effects: diarrhea, Clostridium difficile diarrhea
US Boxed Warnings: Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis

24
Q

Bactrim, Bactrim DS

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: sulfonamide antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI
Activity against: MRSA
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes (rarely SJS or TEN), hyperkalemia, increased serum creatinine, hypersensitivity reactions
Other Notes: fixed ratio (8:1) of sulfamethoxazole and trimpethoprim; dosing based on trimpethoprim component

25
Q

Macrobid

nitrofurantoin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: urinary antibiotic
Common indication: cystitis
Activity against: Escherichia coli
Key side effects: nausea, pulmonary fibrosis (chronic use)

26
Q

Gentamicin (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: aminoglycoside antibiotic
Common indication: HAP, pyelonephritis, neonatal sepsis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli
Key side effects: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

27
Q

Vancocin

Vancomycin (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: glycopeptide antibiotic
Common indication: IV: SSTI, HAP, meningitis, endocarditis, CRBSI; PO: CDI
Activity against: MRSA, Clostridium difficile
Key side effects: nephrotoxicity, Red Man’s syndrome
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication if given intrathecal

28
Q

Flagyl

Metronidazole (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: antibiotic
Common indication: Anaerobic infections, CDI
Activity against: Bacteroides species, Clostridium difficile
Key side effects: nausea, metallic taste, alcohol intolerance, peripheral neuropathy (long-term use)

29
Q

Bactroban

Mupirocin (topical)

A

Pharmacologic category: antibiotic
Common indication: MRSA decolonization
Key side effects: no major side effects

30
Q

Lamisil

Terbinafine (PO, topical)

A

Pharmacologic category: allylamine antifungal
Common indication: onychomycosis
Key side effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic transaminases

31
Q

Zovirax

Acyclovir (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: antiviral
Common indication: herpes simplex virus
Key side effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria
Other Notes: vesicant

32
Q

Valtrex

Valacyclovir (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: antiviral
Common indication: herpes simplex virus
Key side effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases

33
Q

Diflucan

Fluconazole (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: azole antifungal
Common indication: vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis
Key side effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases

34
Q

Nizoral

Ketoconazole (PO, topical)

A

Pharmacologic category: azole antifungal
Common indication: fungal infections
Key side effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases
US Boxed Warnings: use only when other effective antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweight the potential risks; serious hepatotoxicity, including cases with a fatal outcome or requiring liver transplantation, have occurred; may cause QTc prolongation and drug interactions leading to QTc prolongation

35
Q

Tamiflu

Oseltamivir (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral
Common indication: influenza
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (e.g., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare)

36
Q

Bio-statin

Nystatin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: polyene antifungal
Common indication: oropharyngeal candidiasis
Key side effects: no major side effects

37
Q

Nystatin (topical)

A

Pharmacologic category: polyene antifungal
Common indication: cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections
Key side effects: burning, itching
Other notes: only use oral solutions for thrush

38
Q

Mycamine

Micafungin (IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: eichinocandin antifungal
Common indication: invasive candidiasis
Key side effects: no major side effects

39
Q

Lotrisone

Clotrimazole and betamethasone (topical)

A

Pharmacologic category: glucocorticoid and azole antifungal
Common indication: cutaneous fungal infections
Key side effects: burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy
Other notes: do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin

Drugs (11 decks)

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