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Health Assessment > neurological > Flashcards

neurological Flashcards

1
Q

CNS includes

A

Central nervous system (CNS), which includes brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

which includes all nerve fibers outside brain and spinal cord, Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branches

Carries sensory (afferent) messages to CNS from sensory receptors

Motor (efferent) messages from CNS to muscles and glands, as well as autonomic messages that govern internal organs and blood vessels

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3
Q

cerebral cortex

A

cortex is cerebrum’s outer layer of nerve cells

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4
Q

Cerebral cortex is

A

center of functions governing thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, and voluntary

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5
Q

Temporal lobe

A

postcentral gyrus is primary center for sensation

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6
Q

Parietal lobe’

A

has primary auditory reception center, taste, and smell

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7
Q

Occipital lobe

A

visual receptor center

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8
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

temporal lobe associated with language comprehension( understanding speech)

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9
Q

Broca’s area

A

in frontal lobe mediates motor speech

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10
Q

basal ganglia

A

Gray matter in two cerebral hemispheres that form subcortical associated motor system

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11
Q

Thalamus

A

Main relay station where sensory pathways of spinal cord, cerebellum, and brainstem form synapses( traffic police organizing everything)

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Major respiratory center with basic function control and coordination

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13
Q

Cerebellum

A

Concerned with motor coordination and muscle tone of voluntary movements

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14
Q

Brainstem

A

Central core of the brain—contains midbrain, pons and medulla

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15
Q

Spinal cord

A

Main pathway for ascending and descending fiber tracts that connect brain to spinal nerves( highways )

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16
Q

if left side of the body has paralysis, which side will this be seen

A

Left cerebral cortex receives sensory information from and controls motor function to right side of the body.
Right cerebral cortex likewise interacts with left side of body

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17
Q

upper motor neurons

A

terminate at the spinal cord

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18
Q

Extrapyramidal tracts include

A

Motor nerve fibers travel to brainstem crossing to opposite, contralateral side, (pyramidal decussation) and then pass down in lateral column of spinal cord.

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19
Q

Corticospinal or pyramidal tract

A

subcortical motor fibers that maintain muscle tone and control body movements, especially gross automatic movements, such as walking.

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20
Q

Cerebellar system

A

Coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium and posture
Receives information on position of muscles and joints, body’s equilibrium, and kind of motor messages sent from cortex to muscles

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21
Q

stroke patients we will see

A

stiff muscles

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22
Q

roughting reflex

A
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23
Q

reflex

A

: basic defense mechanisms of nervous system

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24
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs

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25
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from length of spinal cord and supply rest of body

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26
Q

shingles

A

dermatomes , will follow a specific place and track based on which spinal nerve is involved

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27
Q

saddle anesthesia

A

damage to S1and s2

28
Q

lumbar and saccral dermatomes

A
29
Q

Autonomic fibers innervate

A

smooth (involuntary) muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.

30
Q
A

headache, dizziness vertigo

31
Q

neurologic recheck examination

A

on persons with demonstrated neurologic deficits who require periodic assessments.

32
Q

squueze with your hand and push and pulls

A
33
Q

bicep , patellatr tendon, verbalize babinski

A
34
Q

Myoclonusrefers

A

quick, involuntary muscle jerk

35
Q

Chorea:

A

neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face

36
Q

Romberg sign

A

Demonstrates normal position sense, muscle strength, and cerebellar function
Positive Romberg sign indicates loss of balance

37
Q

Gait:

A

: observe as the person walks 10 to 20 feet, turns, and returns to starting point

38
Q

Tactile discrimination

A

tests also measure discrimination ability of sensory cortex.

39
Q

Graphesthesia:

A

ability to “read” a number by having it traced on skin

40
Q

Two-point discrimination:

A

test ability to distinguish separation of two simultaneous pin points on skin

41
Q

Point location

A

touch skin and withdraw stimulus promptly; ask the person to put finger where you touched

42
Q

DTR measurement

A

Measurement of stretch reflexes reveals intactness of reflex arc at specific spinal levels
Limb should be relaxed and muscle partially stretched.

43
Q

Reflex response graded on 4-point scale

A

4 = very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, indicative of disease
3 = brisker than average, may indicate disease
2 = Average, normal
1 = diminished, low normal, or occurs with reinforcement
0 = no response

44
Q

Clonus:

A

test when reflexes hyperactive
Sustained clonus is associated with UMN disease.

45
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

L1 to L2 On male, lightly stroke inner aspect of thigh with reflex hammer or tongue blade

46
Q

babinski negative

A

toes curl down ( normal ), infants have a positive babinski ( flaire their toes

47
Q

Plantar reflex

A

L4 to S2

48
Q

posturing

A
49
Q

adduction

A

coiming into the corre

50
Q

abduction

A

arms away from the body

51
Q

decorticate posturing

A
52
Q

glasgow less than 8

A

we intubate

53
Q

cogwheel

A

argument in dopamine levels

54
Q

Fasciculations

A

Rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscle

55
Q

Tic

A

Involuntary, compulsive, repetitive twitching of a muscle group)

56
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, twisting, continuous movement, resembling a snake or worm)

57
Q

resting tremour,

A

usually parkinsons

58
Q

Intention tremor

A
59
Q

Spinal cord hemisection

A

Brown-Séquard syndrome
Loss of pain and temperature, contralateral side, loss of vibration and position discrimination on ipsilateral side

60
Q

spinal cord injuries

A

what happens ?

61
Q

Decerebrate rigidity

A
62
Q

Decorticate rigidity

A

Upper extremities
Flexion of arm, wrist, and fingers
Adduction of arm: tight against thorax

63
Q

Kernig’s

A

In flat-lying supine position, flex thigh on abdomen and extend knee.

64
Q

Brudzinski

A

With one hand under neck and other hand on person’s chest, sharply flex chin on chest and watch hips and knees.

65
Q

head and neck involved

A

meningitis

66
Q
A

Health Assessment (14 decks)

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