muscoskeletal

Question 1

what is the mediasteinum

Question 2

potassium , extremely highly released when people are burned

Answer 2

needed for the heart

Question 3

different types of joints

Answer 3

fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints( faset joints , think ribs and vertabrae, allow for some movement), synovial joints ( Freely moveable joints separated by one another and enclosed in a cavity lined with synovial membrane that secretes fluid ,think wrists shoulders, toes etc

Question 4

synovial fluid

Question 5

bursae

Answer 5

provide cushion fluid filled area that provides a cushion for tendon ( bursatitis, what is bursitis ?

Question 6

flexion

Answer 6

contraction of muscle

Question 7

extension

Answer 7

flare out

Question 8

abducted

Answer 8

take away from body

Question 9

aduction

Answer 9

bring back to body

Question 10

supination

Answer 10

waiter arm

Question 11

inversion

Question 12

eversion( seen in football, volleyball)

Question 13

TMJ motions

Answer 13

Hinge action to open and close jaws
Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
Gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw

Question 14

Vertebrae in humans: ( we need to know this for tests)

Answer 14

7 cervical
12 thoracic( this would be an uncommon injury), could be a compression fracture ( osteoporosis)
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 to 4 coccygeal

Question 15

shape of spine

Answer 15

, a double-S shape.

Question 16

bursae are seen in multiple places in the body

Question 17

rotator cuff

Answer 17

Group of four (SITS) muscles and tendons support and stabilize shoulder.
if you dont move it, it will lock and you will lose range of motion

Question 18

Subacromial bursitis

Question 19

elbow tendonitis

Answer 19

ulnar nerve is the only nerve in the body that is not protected, constant bend will cause irritation( nerve pain )

Question 20

nurse maids elbow

Answer 20

elbow popping out of place ( trauma to the radius

Question 21

carpal tunnel first symtoms

Answer 21

weakness in grip could also be pain and paresthsia , not always all the fingers

Question 22

people who get carpal tunnel

Answer 22

repetitive fine motor tasks, school

Question 23

foosh

Answer 23

fall on out stretched hand , navicular bone breaks , important for injury to snuff box of hand

Question 24

golfers fracture

Question 25

greenstick fracture

Question 26

adults will tend to break

Answer 26

the radial head in the wrist

Question 27

hips

Answer 27

usually seen with a fracture fall or a dislocation, anterior disolcation, foot will turn inward
posterior dislocation , foot will turn outward

Question 28

pelvic fractures

Question 29

Knee joint:

Answer 29

articulation of three bones—femur, tibia, and patella—in common articular cavity

Question 30

torn menisicus

Answer 30

older person or chronic tear, we leave it alone , medial groove of the knee is where the pain will be, planted foot turn is the most common way the meniscus will turn

Question 31

cruciate and collateral

Question 32

quadarcep muscle attaches

Answer 32

to the knee

Question 33

WHere do you put an IV into the knee( landmark location )

Question 34

excess fluid in the knee ?

Answer 34

not uncommon to see when there are injuries due to the synovial fluids that are already there

Question 35

talus and the calcaneous

Answer 35

need to be healed properly or the person may never walk again

Question 36

never disregard pain in the ankle and foot

Question 37

growth plate

Answer 37

little kids have a gap that will eventually close , a big problem if there is a fracture ,

Question 38

do you have pain, swelling ? any limited motion

Question 39

joints you should make sure you are checking ?

Answer 39

temperature( red hot not good )

Question 40

checking range of motion

Answer 40

active range of motion is best but can be checked passively as well

Question 41

checking cervical spine ?

Answer 41

pain, double curve ,

Question 42

shoulders we should check if they are even

Question 43

first sign of carpal tunnel

Answer 43

weakness and tingling in hand

Question 44

what is the tinel test ?

Answer 44

percussion of median nerve produces burning and tingling if +

Question 45

what is the phalen test ?

Answer 45

acute flexion of wrist produces numbness and burning if +

Question 46

hip injuries

Answer 46

very serious injury, assess range of motion

Question 47

knee we want to see

Answer 47

normal range of motion, we are concerned with temperature,
we would be concerned with locking of knee( needs to be surgically corrected )

Question 48

ankle and foot is inspected

Answer 48

while person is sitting and when standing and walking.

Question 49

kyphosis and lordosis

Question 50

range of motion for back

Answer 50

bend forwards and backwards, twist side to side