muscoskeletal Flashcards
what is the mediasteinum
potassium , extremely highly released when people are burned
needed for the heart
different types of joints
fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints( faset joints , think ribs and vertabrae, allow for some movement), synovial joints ( Freely moveable joints separated by one another and enclosed in a cavity lined with synovial membrane that secretes fluid ,think wrists shoulders, toes etc
synovial fluid
bursae
provide cushion fluid filled area that provides a cushion for tendon ( bursatitis, what is bursitis ?
flexion
contraction of muscle
extension
flare out
abducted
take away from body
aduction
bring back to body
supination
waiter arm
inversion
eversion( seen in football, volleyball)
TMJ motions
Hinge action to open and close jaws
Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
Gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw
Vertebrae in humans: ( we need to know this for tests)
7 cervical
12 thoracic( this would be an uncommon injury), could be a compression fracture ( osteoporosis)
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 to 4 coccygeal
shape of spine
, a double-S shape.
bursae are seen in multiple places in the body
rotator cuff
Group of four (SITS) muscles and tendons support and stabilize shoulder.
if you dont move it, it will lock and you will lose range of motion
Subacromial bursitis
elbow tendonitis
ulnar nerve is the only nerve in the body that is not protected, constant bend will cause irritation( nerve pain )
nurse maids elbow
elbow popping out of place ( trauma to the radius
carpal tunnel first symtoms
weakness in grip could also be pain and paresthsia , not always all the fingers
people who get carpal tunnel
repetitive fine motor tasks, school
foosh
fall on out stretched hand , navicular bone breaks , important for injury to snuff box of hand
golfers fracture
greenstick fracture
adults will tend to break
the radial head in the wrist
hips
usually seen with a fracture fall or a dislocation, anterior disolcation, foot will turn inward
posterior dislocation , foot will turn outward
pelvic fractures
Knee joint:
articulation of three bones—femur, tibia, and patella—in common articular cavity
torn menisicus
older person or chronic tear, we leave it alone , medial groove of the knee is where the pain will be, planted foot turn is the most common way the meniscus will turn
cruciate and collateral
quadarcep muscle attaches
to the knee
WHere do you put an IV into the knee( landmark location )
excess fluid in the knee ?
not uncommon to see when there are injuries due to the synovial fluids that are already there
talus and the calcaneous
need to be healed properly or the person may never walk again
never disregard pain in the ankle and foot
growth plate
little kids have a gap that will eventually close , a big problem if there is a fracture ,
do you have pain, swelling ? any limited motion
joints you should make sure you are checking ?
temperature( red hot not good )
checking range of motion
active range of motion is best but can be checked passively as well
checking cervical spine ?
pain, double curve ,
shoulders we should check if they are even
first sign of carpal tunnel
weakness and tingling in hand
what is the tinel test ?
percussion of median nerve produces burning and tingling if +
what is the phalen test ?
acute flexion of wrist produces numbness and burning if +
hip injuries
very serious injury, assess range of motion
knee we want to see
normal range of motion, we are concerned with temperature,
we would be concerned with locking of knee( needs to be surgically corrected )
ankle and foot is inspected
while person is sitting and when standing and walking.
kyphosis and lordosis
range of motion for back
bend forwards and backwards, twist side to side
